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Sustainability 101: Project Systems and Energy Impacts

Sustainability 101: Project Systems and Energy Impacts. Eric Oliver, PE, CEM, President EMO Energy Solutions, LLC www.emoenergy.com NAIOP MD/DC May 27, 2010. Project Systems and Energy Impacts. Environmental Concerns Benchmarking with Energy Star Green Power Alternatives

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Sustainability 101: Project Systems and Energy Impacts

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  1. Sustainability 101: Project Systems and Energy Impacts Eric Oliver, PE, CEM, President EMO Energy Solutions, LLC www.emoenergy.com NAIOP MD/DC May 27, 2010

  2. Project Systems and Energy Impacts • Environmental Concerns • Benchmarking with Energy Star • Green Power Alternatives • Energy Modeling and Analysis • Commissioning • Energy Performance Measurement

  3. Energy Efficiency Overview US Dept of Energy CBECS

  4. Relationship between Energy and Environment Generating kWh produces greenhouse gases “In the U.S., 82 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions due to human activity is energy-related carbon dioxide. The buildings sector (residential and commercial) emits 35 percent of energy-related carbon, more than either the industrial or the transportation sectors.” - Energy Information Administration

  5. Energy Sources Renewable Sources: Hydroelectric (3.90%) Solar (0.08%) Biomass (3.50%) Wind (0.01%) Geothermal (0.40%) www.emoenergy.com

  6. Efficiency of the grid Energy Conversion Losses from Source to Electricity • 40% - 62% is lost as waste heat at the generator • 3% - 8% is lost in the transmission of electricity • 1% - 2% is lost in the transformers www.emoenergy.com

  7. Benchmarking with Energy Star • Buildings are rated on a 0-100 Scale • How does my building compare to other buildings? • EPA Portfolio Manager online software tool • 12 consecutive months of energy consumption to get a score • Normalized based on weather, occupant, computers, functional breakdown… etc. • Compared to all other buildings of its type • Score of 75 or better gets Energy Star • https://www.energystar.gov/istar/pmpam/

  8. Green power Alternatives • Install renewable energy onsite • Solar • Wind • Purchase Green power www.emoenergy.com

  9. Using the sun • Passive vs Active

  10. Renewable Opportunities Photovoltaics (PV) How a solar cell works: • Facts: • Enough sun hits 0.3% of the land in the United States to supply all the electricity consumed in the U.S. • The PV systems installed since 1988 in the developing world provide enough electricity to power 8 million homes. http://www.eren.doe.gov/pv/pvmenu.cgi?site=pv&idx=1&body=aboutpv.html

  11. Factors Affecting Output • A 1 kW solar panel does not generate 1 kW all of the time, and in fact may never generate 1 kW • Geography • Positioning • Efficiencies

  12. Under development

  13. Wind Power • Where is there good wind?

  14. 10 kW wind turbine Bergey 10kW BWC

  15. Wind less expensive Small wind energy systems cost from $3,000 to $5,000 for every kilowatt of generating capacity. (vs $6,000 - $8,000 for PV) In a Class 3 area; 10 kW system will generate 16,000 kWh/yr and cost $32,000 to install 16,000 kWh x $0.12/kWh = $1,920/yr $32,000 / $1,440 = 16.7 yrs (11.6 yr with 30% tax Credit) But need a good wind resource – all wind is local

  16. Green Power Procurement Pay for Green Supplied Power through your utility bill • Pepco: Green Power Connection (DC) • http://www.pepco.com/home/choice/dc/greenpower/ • Dominion: VA Green Power (VA) • www.dom.com/dominion-virginia-power/customer-service/energy-conservation/green-power.jsp • BG&E: Energy Choice (MD) • Choose your Green supplier • Clean Currents • wind energy certificates • Green-e • Certifier of wind energy suppliers • RECs • www.green-e.org

  17. Saving Energy:Energy Modeling and Analysis

  18. What is Energy Modeling? • Tool for smart, energy efficient design • Predicts energy consumption of building every hour • Uses basic engineering/heat flow/power equations • Conduction through walls/roof • Solar gain through windows • Calculation of all internal heat gains • Thermal mass/time lag

  19. Benefits of Modeling • Benchmark building • Quantify Energy Breakdown • Accurately model ECMs • Model different rate structures • Assess impact of changes in equipment and operations • LEED EA cr.

  20. Modeling Inputs • Floorplans • Elevations • Window layouts • Envelope specifics • HVAC zoning • Schedules • Occupancy and Lighting Density (Occ/sf, W/sf) • Temperature and humidity settings

  21. Modeling Outputs • Annual energy consumption • Monthly consumption • Peak Demand and cooling and heating loads • End-use energy breakdown • Loads by zone

  22. Run Alternate Simulations • Change parameters to simulate ECMs • Accounts for integrated effects of upgrades • Cooling impact of lighting upgrades • Daylighting can be controlled by fc level • Run alternate with all ECMs, avoid diversity factors • Accounts for part load performance

  23. Example: Compare insulation levels

  24. How to use modeling as a toolModel final design • Final HVAC zoning • Actual envelope/window characteristics • Actual lighting layouts per zone • Actual equipment efficiencies • Proposed schedules • Proposed control strategies

  25. How to use modeling as a toolModel Basecase • Design based on standard practices/requirements for purpose of comparison • LEED –basecase based on ASHRAE 90.1 minimum requirements for comparison • Use same system types, occupancies, zoning as design • Minimum efficiency requirements for equipment, LPD, motors, insulation, control strategies… • Modeled energy consumption 12% - 48% less than ASHRAE 90.1 basecase: 1 - 19 points

  26. Saving Energy:Commissioning Building commissioning is the process of verifying, in new construction, that all the subsystems for HVAC, Plumbing, Electrical, Lighting…etc. achieve the owner's project requirements as intended by the building owner and as designed by the building architects and engineers • has its roots in shipbuilding • Good commissioning involves planning, coordination, and proven efficient procedures. • LEED Commissioning addresses both Design oversight and Construction oversight

  27. The Cost of Commissioning • The budget for commissioning is commensurate with the complexity of the system installed. • ie. constant-volume system will cost less to commission than a multi-zone variable-volume system. • As a general rule of thumb, the commissioning effort will be 1% - 7% of the project cost. • Some of this is typically included in the subcontractor's contracts; for example, the controls contractor should calibrate all instrumentation as part of his contract.

  28. The Savings from Commissioning • Why does commissioning save energy? • Reduces energy waste from improperly operating equipment • Example: thermostats reading 1ºF high will cause chiller to run 5% more than needed. • Proper pre-occupancy commissioning can save 1% to 5% of energy consumption

  29. Energy Performance Measurement • Submetering • Monitoring and Verification

  30. Thank you for your time! Questions? EMO Energy Solutions, LLC www.emoenergy.com

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