CULTURE
CULTURE. E.B. Tyler & Malissa Quigley Amanda Cook. Culture:. Is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by people as members of society. E.B Tyler. KNOWLEDGE. Learning or knowing
CULTURE
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CULTURE E.B. Tyler & Malissa Quigley Amanda Cook
Culture: • Is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by people as members of society. • E.B Tyler
KNOWLEDGE • Learning or knowing • Examples: • Addition • Grammar • Language systems • Writing systems • Names
Beliefs • Acceptance of the truth • Examples: • Truth • Christianity • Buddhism
Art • Any system of rules and principles that facilitates skilled human accomplishments. • Examples: • Music • Sculptures • Paintings • Poetry
Morals • A point of view of right and wrong • Examples: • Ten Commandments • Pillars of faith • Bible • Bill of Rights • Koran
Laws • Are rules • Examples: • Must be 18 years of age to vote • Bill of Rights
Customs • An ordinary way of acting or behaving • Examples: • Christmas • Birthdays • Praying 5 times a day facing Mecca • Easter • Getting candy at Halloween
Society • A group of people united by a common way of life
All people, in all places, at all times have culture Culture is everything you think, do, and have.
Two Categories of Culture Material Non-Material This type of culture is abstract. It is everything that can not be indentified by your senses. • This type of culture is concrete. It is everything that can be identified by your senses.
Hypothetical Situation: • The country in which we live is going to destroyed. However, there is a capsule that we can fit four material objects. The capsule is 2 feet wide, 2 feet high, and 3 feet long. What would you place in the capsule to represent our culture?
Carl Sagan Voyager: Algebraic equation Symbol of Man and Woman All different types of languages on a Golden Record “Greetings from the children of the planet Earth”.
Heredity • Is the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring • Family Heritage- Family Tree • Cultural Heritage- Ancestral • Hints: customs like German chocolate cake
1. 5. 2. 6. 9. 3. 7. 4. 10. 8.
Families • Nuclear family • Parents • Offspring • Extended family • Parents • Offspring • Grandparents • Uncles • Cousins • Etc.
Civilizations • A level of cultural development • What are the four characteristic of a civilization? • People • Laws or rules • Shelters • Language system
Social Norms • A social rule. A standard rule of conduct or an accepted behavior in a society. • What are the three types of social norms?
Social Norm • 1) Folkways- ordinary rules of daily behavior • 2) Mores- are customs which are believed to be necessary to the welfare of society • 3) Laws- rules
History Edward Carr- “ unending dialogue between the present and the past.”
Have social norms developed as a result of your history? True or False Explain why it is True or False How did social norms develop?
Define the following terms: Archaeology-is the study of early human remains Archaeologists-is an expert who studies past human life Anthropology-is the study of the origins of human beings and their cultural development Paleoanthropologist- is an expert who studies ancient fossils of people Economic Organization- One of the seven cultural systems, refers to that system of production, allocation, distribution of goods and services needed to meet the basic needs
Procedures of Archeology Step 1 Getting your degree Step 2 Select a site and develop a research design Step 3 Get an adequate permit. Step 4 Establish the budget
Procedures cont. Step 5 Identify laboratory experts to whom you will send samples Step 6 Survey the area and bring tool Step 7 Design any preprinted forms and field notebooks to use for recording data. Step 8 Plan for publication.
Torralba I. Problem: What happened in area 1,2,3,4? II. Legend: Area1 Area 2 Area 3 Area4 Cleaver
lll.Hypothesis: Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4
IV. Archaeological Dating: Relative Dating Stratigraphy Tree Ring Dating Archeomagnetic Obsidian Hydration Carbon 14
Define the following: • Paleolithic • Neanderthal • Hunters-Gatherers • Cro-Magnon • Subsistence • Neolithic • Surplus • Generalized • Specialized • Homo erectus • Homo habilis
Economic Organization • Refers to that system of production, allocation, and distribution of goods and services needed to meet the basic needs.
Production- What do we produce? • Allocation- Who gets what is produced? How much? Who gets it first? • Distribution- How we get the products to the people?
What is the United States economic system? Capitalism- Free enterprise
Hierarchy of Mankind Hierarchy- System of ranking
Hunters and Gatherers Hunted animals and gathered berries Technology: Generalized Economics: Subsistence
Nomadic Herders Moved with their livestock Nomadic- moving from place to place Technology: Generalized Economics: Subsistence
Horticultural Worked the land by using hand tools Method called slash and burn Technology: Generalized Economics: Subsistence
Agricultural Non Commercial Worked the land by using wooden plows and animals Technology: Semi Specialized Economic: Subsistence
Agricultural Commercial Worked the land using machinery Technology: Specialized Economic: Surplus
Industrial The rise of factories Technology: Specialized Economics: Surplus
Informational Age The ability to transfer information freely Technology: Specialized Economics: Surplus
Historical Dates • B.C- • B.C.E- • A.D.- • C.E.- • Time Periods: Prehistoric- • Ice Age- • Paleolithic- • Neolithic- Historic-
Species • Homo habilis • “skillful man” • Louis Leakey • Homo erectus • “man who walks upright” • Richard Leakey • Donald Johanson-Lucy
Species Neanderthals Discovered in the valley of Neander, Germany Homo sapien- “man who thinks” Cro-Magnon Discovered in France Homo sapien- “man who thinks” Homo sapien sapien- fully modern people
Species Homo habilis Homo erectus Neanderthal Cro-Magnon HomoSapienSapien
REVIEW Two categories of culture – Material Non Material Heredity – transmission of characteristics to offspring Civilization – level of cultural development All people in all places at all times have culture Social Norms - Social Rule Types of social norms – folkways, mores, and laws Economic Organization – production, allocation distribution Name famous archeologist – Richard Leakey, Louis Leakey History – Non-ending Dialogue, Edward Carr Economic system of US– capitalism
REVIEW Nomadic – Move from place to place Sedentary – Settle down Hunters and gatherers – Live during the ice age, nomadic Generalized Technology – One tool with many functions Subsistence – Eat what you produce, produce what you eat Paleolithic – Old Stone Age Homo habilis – Man with ability, Louis Leakey Homo erectus – Man who walks upright , Richard Leakey Neanderthal – Germany Cro-magnon – France Lucy- discovered by Donald Johanson Baton- use bone or wood to make a stone tool
