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Biology 5410

Explore the methodologies for classifying a new vertebrate species by examining anatomical features such as bone structure, reproductive traits, and DNA comparisons. Delve into ecological patterns of succession by studying species establishment rates among herbs, shrubs, and trees in disturbed areas. Analyze energy transfer within ecosystems, focusing on the implications of biomagnification and chemical pollutants like DDT. Investigate species richness and evenness, and their relationships with environmental factors such as nitrogen. Understand the complexities of the cardiovascular system's gas exchange processes.

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Biology 5410

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  1. Biology 5410 Review

  2. Classifying Organisms • You discover a new vertebrate. What data can you collect to compare it to other vertebrates? • Anatomical: • Bone Structure • Reproductive Features • Other structures (vestigial?) • DNA comparison

  3. Succession • The predictable pattern with which species colonize disturbed or “virgin” areas.

  4. Experimental Data

  5. Conclusions • Number of species and rate of establishment for: • Herbs • Shrubs • Trees

  6. Prediction • Will the number herb species increase by year 100 or have they already saturated this environment? • What about shrubs? • What about trees?

  7. Energy Transfer and Impacts • Remember that total biomass (amount of organic material) decreases as we move up a food chain. • DDT is a chemical pesticide that doesn’t deteriorate naturally.

  8. Example

  9. Conclusions • How can we explain the increase in DDT concentration as we move up the food chain? • Bioaccumulation: The same amount of DDT is concentrated in a smaller proportion of the ecosystem’s species.

  10. Species Evenness and Competition • Richness refers to the number of unique species in an ecosystem. • Evenness refers to the relative proportions of species in an ecosystem.

  11. Experimental Data

  12. Conclusions • What happened to the richness? • Compare the evenness between years. • What can we say about the effects of nitrogen on these species?

  13. Cardiovascular System

  14. Questions • Is oxygen leaving or entering the blood stream? • Is carbon dioxide leaving or entering the blood stream? • Where does this occur in the body? • What circuit is this?

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