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Understanding Dark Matter through Spiral Galaxies: A Comprehensive Lesson Plan

This lesson plan aims to illustrate key evidence for dark matter through the study of rotational curves of spiral galaxies. Over three 50-minute sessions, students will learn to plot data, grasp the structure and detection methods of matter, and explore misconceptions about visibility in galaxies. Activities include discussions on potential dark matter candidates, internet research on galaxies, experimental simulations, and a quiz to consolidate learning. Educational resources and tools like worksheets, simulations, and comprehensive glossaries are provided to enhance understanding.

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Understanding Dark Matter through Spiral Galaxies: A Comprehensive Lesson Plan

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  1. ASTROID <Dark Matter> Lesson PlanGuided ResearchModel Dr. Christian Reimersreimers@astro.univie.ac.athttp://www.virtuelleschule.at/cosmos/ [1] [2] [1] Gravitational Lens, HST observation of Abell 2218 [2] Rotation curve (observed and theoretical), SuW 1/2005 S.32ff.

  2. <Dark Matter> • General InformationThe scenario aims to illustrate one of the evidences for dark matter. This includes the study of the rotational curves of spiral galaxies. • Duration: 3 x 50 min. • Vocabulary: dark matter, galaxies, rotation curve • Tools and Materials: PC with Internet connection, Paper, work sheets (excel, diagram), Pencil • Aims and Objectives: Students should ...- ... be able to plot data- ... learn basics on the structure and detection of matter • Students‘ Misconception: - confusing types of matter - visible parts of galaxies are dominant

  3. <Dark Matter> • Educational Phase 1: Stimulation • Presentation/Discussion:motivation by emotion (pictures of galaxies) [1] HST observation of M51 „Whirlpool Galaxy“ [2] HST observation of M104 „Sombrero Galaxy“

  4. <Dark Matter> • Educational Phase 2: Scientific Prediction • Discuss list of possible dark matter candidates and their interactions with measurable quantities / indirect detection • Draw up a list on the blackboard with various proposed methods and missions to detect dark matter • Finding pictures of galaxies and their rotation curves(internet research) [3] Doppler image of M33 [1] Illustration of the galaxies rotation (Sextans A) [2] Interactive Applet on the Doppler effect

  5. <Dark Matter> • Educational Phase 3: Experimental Activities • Kepler rotation in the Solar System (central point mass) • Applet with M(r) => v(r) [in development] [1] Work sheet: Kepler rotation in the Solar System [2] „rotcurve“-Applet of real galaxieshttp://burro.cwru.edu/JavaLab/RotcurveWeb/main.html

  6. <Dark Matter> • Educational Phase 4: Abstraction of the finding • Prediction Compared to Results:v2(r) = G * (Mvisible(r) + Mdark(r)) / rIf existing matter is only the observed (visible) matter, the rotation curves of spiral galaxies could not be described.Mtot > Mvisible => Mdark thus Mtot = Mvisible + MdarkWith assistance of Tutorials and Links. • Discussion: Short discussion on detection methods and theoretical issues.

  7. <Dark Matter> • Educational Phase 5: Consolidation • Quiz/Multiple-Choice-Test with Feedback • Exercises/Tasks: • Comparing simple calculations and self-composed diagrams with obtained data • Talk: Thoeretical background ist provided to find information on the internet to start a talk about types of dark matter • Discussion: Change of paradigm of matter over the centuries [1] Multiple-Choice-Test (ASTROID)

  8. <Dark Matter> • Ressources: • Worksheet (solar system; xls) • Worksheet (diagram; pdf) • Simulation (rotation curve; Applet) • Glossary (of related terms; pdf) • Examples with solutions and diagrams (for teachers; pdf) • Informationsheet (types of matter; pdf) • Informationsheet (posibilities of types of DM; pdf) • Informationsheet (internetlinks and further infos; pdf)

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