Animal Diversity

1. Animal Diversity Chapter 23

2. animal characteristics • All animals share a unique set of derivedcharacteristics. • Animal cells aresupported by collagen. • three-strandedprotein • found in bone,skin, ligaments,fingernails,and hair

3. Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome: one copy from the mother and one from the father animal characteristics • Animals are diploid and usually reproduce sexually. • diploid parents produce diploid offspring • do not have free-living haploid life stages

4. head tail fruit fly genes human HOX-B genes tail head animal characteristics Most animals have Hox genes. • Hox genes tell embryonic cells which body part to become. • Mutations in Hox genes led to the vast diversity of animal species.

5. animal phyla • Vertebrates have an internal segmented backbone. • Invertebrates do not have a backbone. • Invertebrates encompass most animal groups.

6. mouth gastrovascular cavity mesoglea brain muscle hearts blood vessels oral arms tentacles mouth digestive track segment nerve cord Animal Classification • Three criteria are used to categorize animals. • body plan symmetry • tissue layers • developmental patterns

7. Animal Classification • bilateral symmetry: body divides equally along one plane • There are two types of body plan symmetry. Bilateral symmetry can be divided equally along only one plane, which splits an animal into mirror-image sides.

8. Animal Classification • There are two types of body plan symmetry. • Radial symmetry: body arranged in circle around a central axis Animals with radial symmetry have body parts arranged in a circle around a central axis.

9. ASYMMETRICAL • Animals that have NO symmetry • SPONGES

10. Body Surfaces • Anterior – toward the head • Posterior – toward the anus • Dorsal – toward the spine (back) • Ventral – toward the stomach (belly button) • Lateral – to the side • Oral – side where the mouth is located • Aboral – side opposite the surface where the mouth is located

11. Characteristics of Animals • All multicellular • Eukaryotes (cells with nucleus & organelles) • Ingestive heterotrophs (take in food and internally digest it) • Store food reserves as glycogen

12. Lions Feeding (Ingestion)

13. Support Systems • Have some type of skeletal support • Endoskeleton is internal and made of cartilage &/or bone • Exoskeletons found in arthropods • Cover the outside of the body • Limit size • Must be molted making animal vulnerable to predators

14. Cicada Molting Exoskeleton

15. Support Systems • Worms and echinoderms (starfish) have fluid-filled internal cavities giving them support • Called hydrostatic skeletons

16. Movement • Animals such as sponges may be sessile (attached & non-moving) • Animals that move very little are said to be sedentary (clam) • Animals that can move are motile • Have muscular tissue to provide energy for movement

17. SESSILE SEDENTARY Chiton Sponge MOTILE Cheetah

18. Reproduction in Animals • All animals are capable of sexual reproduction • Some animals like sponges and earthworms are hermaphrodites producing both eggs and sperm

19. Leeches Exchange Sperm During Mating leech Mating

20. Reproduction in Animals • Females of some animals produce eggs, but the eggs develop without being fertilized • CalledParthenogenesis • New offspring will be all female Parthenogenesis occurs in some fishes, several kinds of insects, and a few species of frogs and lizards

21. Parthenogenesis in the Komodo Dragon

22. Female Beetles Mating Young Courtship Male Mating and Mating Behaviors