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Exploring Echinodermata: Anatomy, Diversity, and Comparative Osteology

This lab activity focuses on the Phylum Echinodermata and Phylum Chordata, highlighting the anatomy of sea stars, sea urchins, and lancelets. Students will examine preserved specimens, models, and diagrams without performing dissection. Key anatomical features include the water-vascular system in sea stars and the notochord and pharyngeal gill slits in lancelets. The session also encompasses comparative osteology, where students will observe and analyze the skeletal structures of various vertebrates, noting differences and similarities to human anatomy. Complete the Animal Diversity chart to consolidate learning.

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Exploring Echinodermata: Anatomy, Diversity, and Comparative Osteology

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  1. Animal Diversity III Lab Topic 18

  2. 18.3 Phylum Echinodermata • Sea stars, sea urchin, sand dollar • Read and understand procedure, do not perform dissection. • Understand anatomy as outlined in figure 18.6 for sea star • observe mounts, models, and preserved examples on demonstration • Handouts • Terms (sea star): water-vascular system, madreporite, tube feet, central disk, endoskeleton,coelom, skin gills,oral, aboral, gonads • Terms (sea urchin): Madreporite, gonads, intestine, Aristotle’s lantern, mouth, anus, spines

  3. 18.4 Phylum Chordata • 18.4 A Lancelet only • 4 common feature of chordates • Notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, dorsal nerve cord, post anal tail • Follow procedure for lancelet dissection and understand anatomy as shown in figures 18.7 & 18.8 • Terms: rostrum, pharynx with gill slits, post-anal tail, atrium, atripore, dorsal fin, nerve cord, notochord, closed circulation, segmental muscles, gill bars BE SURE TO ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS FOR EACH SECTION AND FILL IN ANIMAL DIVERSITY CHART

  4. Comparative Osteology Observe Skeletons on display of various vertebrates Note differences/similarities between skeletons and human skeletal model Note differences between Vertebrae Ribs Limb bones Digital bones Use skeletal diagrams to ID bone sets Vertebrate Diversity

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