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Animal Diversity

Animal Diversity. Animal Kingdom. 35 Phyla 9 discussed in this lab Porifera : Sponges Cnidaria : Jellyfish, Anemones Corals Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Nematoda : Roundworms Annelidae : Segmented worms Mollusca : Mollusks Arthropoda : Insects, Arachnids, etc...

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Animal Diversity

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  1. Animal Diversity

  2. Animal Kingdom • 35 Phyla • 9 discussed in this lab • Porifera: Sponges • Cnidaria: Jellyfish, Anemones Corals • Platyhelminthes: Flatworms • Nematoda: Roundworms • Annelidae: Segmented worms • Mollusca: Mollusks • Arthropoda: Insects, Arachnids, etc... • Echinodermata: Sea Stars • Chordata: Vertebrates

  3. http://www.biobus.gsu.edu/1animal/animaldiversity_files/image010.jpghttp://www.biobus.gsu.edu/1animal/animaldiversity_files/image010.jpg

  4. Phylum Porifera • Porifera: latinporus (pore) and Greek fera (bearing) • Sponges • Greater than 9,000 species of sponges • All aquatic, most marine species • Pigmentation can be due to symbiotic algae • Suspension feeders • Adults are stationary, larvae are motile • Asymmetrical, body organized as a collection of specialized cells

  5. Phylum Cnidaria • Jellyfish, Sea Anemones, Corals • ~10000 species • All aquatic-most marine • One opening digestive system • Exhibit radial symmetry • Body parts arranged around an imaginary axis • 2 distinct body forms • Polyp-stationary, example: sea anemones • Medusa-free-floating, example: jellyfish • Some species exist as both forms in a lifetime • Carnivorous: • Stinging cells called cnidocytes • Used for capturing prey and protection

  6. Phylum Cnidaria Aurelia Jellyfish Cnidaria Fact: Praya (a deep sea hydrozoa) can reach lengths of 120 feet!

  7. Phylum Platyhelminthes • Flatworms • Includes ~20000 species • Two general categories: • Free living and parasitic • All have flattened bodies & exhibit bilateral symmetry with a head and a tail • Centralized nervous system • One opening digestive system Platyhelminthes Fact: The longest flatworm ever found was 90 foot long tapeworm.

  8. Phylum Nematoda • Roundworms • Currently ~90000 identified species, could be close to half a million • Bilaterally symmetrical • Can be free-living or parasitic • Free living: Can eat other nematodes, microorganisms, or decaying organic material • Parasitic: Can feed on animals (including humans) or plants

  9. Phylum Annelida • Segmented worms • ~15000 species • Marine, freshwater, and terrestrial • Body consists of head, segmented body, and terminal portion • Common groups: • Polychaetes: largest group, marine • Leeches: carnivorous or parasitic • Earthworms: feed on decaying organic matter

  10. Phylum Molusca • ~150000 identified species • Mollusks are organized into three classes: • Gastropods: snails, slugs • Cephalopods: squids, octopus • Bivalve: clams, oysters • Many different ways of acquiring food • Fast swimming predators, passive suspension feeders, herbivores, parasites All mollusks possess a soft body, a foot (for movement), gills, mouth, and anus. Most have a grasping organ called a radula.

  11. Phylum Arthropoda • Over 1.1 Million species, most species rich phylum • 85% of all animals are arthropods • 75% of all animals are insects. • Exoskeleton comprised of chitin: • Tough, flexible polysaccharide provides protection and prevents dehydration • Exoskeleton cannot grow, must be shed and a larger one is grown, “molting” • Arthropoda refers to “jointed appendages” • Members of this phyla: crustaceans, arachnids, and insects

  12. Phylum Echinodermata • 6000 species • All marine and are have radial symmetry as adults • Examples: Sea stars, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sea apples • Locomotion by water vascular system • Water pressure is varied causing ‘tube feet’ to extend or retract • Many are carnivorous: • Will feed on stationary or slowly moving invertebrates

  13. Phylum Chordata • A few invertebrates and all vertebrates • All possess: • A hollow, dorsal nerve chord, notochord, gill structures, post-anal tail, segmented muscles • Vertebrate chordates: • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals Chordata Fact: Less than 5% of the animals that have ever lived on Earth have backbones.

  14. Grasshopper Dissection • Structures to identify: • External: body segments, wings, leg parts, cuticle, exoskeleton, sclerites, tympanum, spiracles, cercus, ocellus, labrum, palps, maxilla, mandible, determine if male or female • Internal: brain, crop, intestine, rectum, anus, ovary, heart, hemocoel, hemolymph

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