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Chapter 9 Carbon Chemistry

Chapter 9 Carbon Chemistry. Section 9.1 Carbon Compounds. Organic Compounds Contains Carbon and Hydrogen Over 90% of all Known Compounds. Did you know Carbon has 4 valence electrons? How many bonds can one carbon atom form?. Carbon Can also Form.

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Chapter 9 Carbon Chemistry

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  1. Chapter 9 Carbon Chemistry Section 9.1 Carbon Compounds

  2. Organic CompoundsContains Carbon and HydrogenOver 90% of all Known Compounds

  3. Did you know Carbon has 4 valence electrons? How many bonds can one carbon atom form?

  4. Carbon Can also Form • Double Bonds or a Triple Bond

  5. Diamonds • Hardest Substance (Rigid, Compact, and Strong) • Composed of Network of Covalent bonds

  6. Graphite • Soft and slippery • Arranged in layers • Used in lubricating machinery and pencils

  7. Fullerenes • Large, hollow spheres • Found in meteorites • “Bucky Balls” or C60 is an arrangement of alternating hexagons and pentagons- like a soccer ball

  8. Saturated Hydrocarbons = AlkanesStraight chains only single bonds Methane H H- C- H H Propane H H H H-C-C-C-H H H H Octane H H H H H H H H H-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-H H H H H H H H H

  9. Branched Isomers- have same chemical formula but different arrangements Isomers have different chemical and physical properties Rings Carbons are joined into a ring shape Can also have same chemical formula as the straight chain or branched chain Example: butane, isobutane, and cyclobutane More Alkanes

  10. Unsaturated HydrocarbonsContains one or more double or triple bonds • Alkenes- Double bond, “-ene” ending • Alkynes- Triple bond, “-yne” ending, most reactive hydrocarbon • Aromatics- Unsaturated ring structure, many have strong aromas or odors

  11. Fossil Fuels • Coal- solid, 300 mya, formed in swamps • Natural gas- formed from marine organisms, mostly methane, but also ethane, propane, butane. • Petroleum- also formed from marine organisms, “crude oil”, complex mixture of hydrocarbons, separated into fractions like gasoline and heating oil

  12. Complete Combustion C3H8+5O2→3CO2+4H2O Combustion of fossil fuels • Incomplete Combustion 2C3H8+7O2→6CO+8H2O

  13. ACID Rain • Normal Rain slightly acidic pH 5.6 • Acid Rain has pH as low as 2.7

  14. 9.2 Substituted Hydrocarbons

  15. 3 Functional Groups • Alcohol- Contains –OH “hydroxyl group”, ends in “-ol” • Organic Acid- Contains –COOH “carboxyl group” and end in “–oic” • Organic Base- Contains –NH2 “amine” • Esters- Organic acid + Alcohol = -COOC , produces odors in flowers and processed food

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