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Life in the Cenozoic

Life in the Cenozoic. Chapter 18. Cenozoic life. Recovery from K-T extinction Mammals diversify. Cenozoic marine life. Gone: ammonites, rudists, many plankton Recovering well: Corals. Cenozoic marine life. Gone: ammonites, rudists, many plankton Recovering well: Corals Nautiloids.

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Life in the Cenozoic

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  1. Life in the Cenozoic Chapter 18

  2. Cenozoic life • Recovery from K-T extinction • Mammals diversify

  3. Cenozoic marine life • Gone: ammonites, rudists, many plankton • Recovering well: • Corals

  4. Cenozoic marine life • Gone: ammonites, rudists, many plankton • Recovering well: • Corals • Nautiloids

  5. Cenozoic marine life • Gone: ammonites, rudists, many plankton • Recovering well: • Corals • Nautiloids • Shell-less cephalopods: squid, octopus

  6. Cenozoic vegetation • Flowering plants (angiosperms) doing well

  7. Cenozoic birds • Birds from • Dinos • Reptiles • Warm-blooded animals • Many current birds appeared in Tertiary • Owls • Hawks • Penguins

  8. Cenozoic birds • Birds from • Dinos • Reptiles • Warm-blooded animals • Many current birds appeared in Tertiary • Owls • Hawks • Penguins

  9. Cenozoic birds • Since Cenozoic, skeleton changes little

  10. Cenozoic birds • Bird adaptations: • Penguins to swimming • Flightless birds • Diatryma • Dominant predator • ~6 feet tall

  11. Cenozoic birds • Bird adaptations: • Penguins to swimming • Flightless birds • Diatryma • Dominant predator • ~6 feet tall

  12. Cenozoic birds • Diatryma • Short legs • Not fast runner • Not chasing fast animals

  13. Cenozoic birds • Flying birds real success • Song birds appear

  14. Age of mammals • Appear in Mesozoic with dinos • Small, not diverse in Mesozoic • With no dinos, mammals take over

  15. Age of mammals • Why did they survive K-T extinction? • Warm blooded to survive nuclear winter? • Small enough to burrow underground?

  16. Mammal evolution well known • Two reasons • Geologically young • Easy to ID - only 1 tooth needed

  17. Age of mammals • Prototheria: egg-laying mammals • Theria

  18. Theria • Marsupials diverse in Cenozoic • Have placenta • Not efficient though • Young born ‘immature’ and develop in pouch

  19. Age of mammals • Placentals: efficient placenta • Young born well developed • 90% of all mammals (fossil & extinct) are placentals • All of today’s placentals from Mesozoic/early Tertiary ancestors

  20. Early Tertiary mammals • Bats • Rabbits • Rodents

  21. Marine mammals • Early Tertiary fossils • From land to water in less than 8 Ma • What changes?

  22. Marine mammals • Order cetacea

  23. First cetacean • Land dwelling • Fed in shallow water

  24. 2nd cetacean • Near shore environments

  25. Basilosaurus • Small hind limbs • Nostrils on snout

  26. Whale evolution • 58 Ma: cetaceans: land animals • 40 Ma: Basilosaurus • tiny rear limbs • nostrils still on snout • 30 Ma: baleen and toothed whales exist

  27. Where do whales come from? • DNA: even-toed ungulates (hippos) • Fossils: extinct group of hoofed mammals • Hyenas with hooves

  28. 47 Ma fossil in Pakistan • Fossil with well preserved ankles • Whale skull • Ankle bones: primitive even-toed hoofed mammal • Hippos and whale related

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