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SOURCES OF WATER

SOURCES OF WATER. Intro :- From where we can obtain water in desired quality & quantity for required period of time. TYPES OF SOURCES OF WATER. SURFACE SOURCE SUB-SURFACE SOURCE. SURFACE WATER SOURCE. RAINFALL (PRECIPITATION) ………………..1. RIVER ………………..2. LAKES ………………..3. STREAMS

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SOURCES OF WATER

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  1. SOURCES OF WATER Intro :- From where we can obtain water in desired quality & quantity for required period of time

  2. TYPES OF SOURCES OF WATER SURFACE SOURCE SUB-SURFACE SOURCE

  3. SURFACE WATER SOURCE • RAINFALL (PRECIPITATION) ………………..1. RIVER ………………..2. LAKES ………………..3. STREAMS ………………..4. PONDS ………………..5. IMPONDED RESERVOIRS

  4. WATER CYCLE SUN CLOUDS EVAPORATION LAKE PERCOLATION SEA

  5. RAINFALL (PRECIPITATION) GROUND PERCOLATION = 50% SURFACE RUN-OFF = 50 % …………15 – 20 % surface supply ………….30 – 35 % evaporation

  6. NATURAL SURFACE SOURCES FLOWING SOURCES – ………………………RIVERS & STREAMS NON–FLOWING SOURCES – ………………………LAKES & PONDS

  7. ARTIFICIAL SURFACE SOURCES IMPONDED RESERVOIR RAINN WATER DUPMS

  8. IMPONDED RESERVOIR WATER RETAINING STRUCTURE

  9. IMPONDED ESERVOIR Def. – An artificial structure constructed across the valley containing water course to impound or store the water stream so that it may be used for water supply. It has 3 parts……. 1. Dam to hold the water 2. Spillway to release the extra water 3. Gates to regulate the flow of water supply

  10. LOCATION FACTORS # Quantity of water # Quality of water # Shortest dam size # Suitable elevation (height) # density & distribution of population around catchment area # Location of consumer population # Location of nearby highways, electric lines, bridges, rail lines etc. # Geological stability

  11. QUALITY V/S QUANTITY OF SURFACE WATER • Ensure quantity first • Availability for longer period • Up streams can give good quality water • Surface waters are more contaminated

  12. SUB-SURFACE WATER Definition :- It is the available stock of water under the ground surface in flowing or static condition due the continuous percolation of rain water or water from surface sources like river or lakes. It is also called under-ground water. It is a natural phenomenon.

  13. OCCURANCE OF SUB-SURFACE WATER Depends upon…….. …..Amount & intensity of rainfall …..Distribution of rainfall ……Slope of ground …..Permeability of ground surface

  14. QUALITY V/S QUANTITY OF SUB-SURFACE WATER OLD VIEW – GROUND WATER IS PURE MODERN VIEW – NO NATURAL SOURCE IS PURE

  15. SUB-SURFACE SOURCE OF WATER SPRINGS WELLS ARTESIAN WELL INFILTERATION GALLARIES INFILTERATION WELLS

  16. SPRINGS

  17. OPEN WELL

  18. ARTESIAN WELL

  19. CHOICE OF SOURCE FORWATER SUPPLY SCHEME 1. LOCATION OF WATER SOURCE 2. QUANTITY OF WATER 3. QUALITY OF WATER 4. THE COST OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

  20. TUBE WELL

  21. INTAKES RESERVOIR INTAKE RIVER INTAKE CANAL INTAKE LAKE INTAKE

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