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Geometric Isomers

This text explores the crucial concept of geometric isomers, highlighting the significance of rotation restriction around carbon-carbon double bonds. It explains the distinctions between cis and trans configurations, exemplifying with compounds like cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene. Additionally, it introduces stereoisomers, emphasizing the arrangement of atoms in space and the concepts of superimposable and nonsuperimposable objects, along with the importance of chiral carbons in asymmetric molecules.

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Geometric Isomers

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  1. Geometric Isomers • Lack of rotation around carbon-carbon double bonds has an important structural implication.

  2. These are not the same. Therefore, they cannot have the same name. cis-2-butene trans-2-butene • If the hydrogens are on the same side it is a cis configuration. If they are on opposite sides of the double bond it is a trans configuration.

  3. Cis-2-pentene • Name each: 1-pentene Trans-2-pentene

  4. Name it: • C-C-C-C-C=C-C C H H 5-methyl-cis-2-heptene

  5. Stereoisomers • Molecules of the same molecular structure that differ only in the arrangement of atoms in space. • What does this mean? • You need to understand 2 terms: • 1. Superimposable • Object is symmetrical - mirror image is no different then original. • Ex- ball • 2. Nonsuperimposable • Mirror image cannot be placed on top of original • Ex- your hands

  6. Stereoisomers • A chiral carbon is • asymmetrical when it has 4 different groups. • ex - CHFClBr • Where is the chiral carbon? C-C-C-C-C-C-C C C

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