Today’s Agenda

2. Today’s Agenda • How to Give a Persuasive Speech

3. Framing the Persuasive Speech • Time limit: six minutes maximum • Evaluation: outline graded by instructor; Feedback on oral performance by class in small groups • Instructor Evaluation Sheet • New Things: policy purpose statement So-what? step Three mainpoints: need, present system cannot solve problem, proposal would solve problem

4. Topic Selection • Choose a topic of interest to you • Phrase the proposition as a proposition of policy (what should be done)

5. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation • Thou shalt state the policy purpose statement

6. John Doe A Chance for Education Purpose Statement: I want my audience to believe that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates. A Sample Outline Title Purpose Statement

7. Remember This Advice? Wording Propositions Effectively • Full sentences: • Statement, not a question • Avoid figurative language • One idea at a time • Not vague nor general

8. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation • Thou shalt state the policy purpose statement • Thou shalt ask an organizing question

9. John Doe A Chance for Education P.S: I want my audience to believe that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates.OQ: Why Should the federal government pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates? A Sample Outline Title Purpose Statement Organizing Question

10. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation • Thou shalt state the policy purpose statement • Thou shalt ask an organizing question • Thou shalt answer the organizing question using the three stock issues: need, inherency, solvency

11. John Doe A Chance for Education P.S: I want my audience to believe that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates.OQ: Why Should the federal government pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates? I. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because denial of opportunities on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. II. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education III.The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates becausegovernment financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education A Sample Outline Title Purpose Statement Organizing Question (Need) (Inherency) (Solvency)

12. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation • Thou shalt state the policy purpose statement • Thou shalt ask an organizing question • Thou shalt answer the organizing question using the three stock issues: need, inherency, solvency • Thou shalt prepare reasons for mainpoints

13. John Doe A Chance for Education P.S: I want my audience to believe that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates.OQ: Why Should the federal government pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates? I. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because denial of opportunities on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. II. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all III.The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates becausegovernment financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education A Sample Outline Title Purpose Statement Organizing Question (Need) (Inherency) (Solvency)

14. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation • Thou shalt state the policy purpose statement • Thou shalt ask an organizing question • Thou shalt answer the organizing question using the three stock issues: need, inherency, solvency • Thou shalt prepare reasons for mainpoints • Thou prove mainpoints with evidence

15. John Doe A Chance for Education P.S: I want my audience to believe that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates.OQ: Why Should the federal government pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates? I. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because denial of opportunities on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. --quotation from Newsweek, March 21, 1994II. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all --James Humes-Prof. of Education at USC, Higher Education, September 1983III.The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education --quotation from James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T.,Financing Education, 1992 A Sample Outline Title Purpose Statement Organizing Question (Need) Evidence (Inherency) Evidence (Solvency) Evidence

16. Requirement of Quality Evidence and Arguments • Support each main point with evidence • State: source name qualifications publication date

17. John Doe A Chance for Education Proposition: Resolved: that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates. Intro: story of Heinrich Heine and knowledge I. Denial of opportunities for higher education to qualified high school graduates on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. --quotation from Newsweek, March 21, 1994 II. Present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all --James Humes-Prof. of Education at USC, Higher Education, September 1983III. Government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education --quotation from James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T., Financing Education, 1992 A Sample Outline Title Proposition Introduction (Need) Evidence (Inherency) Evidence (Solvency) Evidence

18. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation • Thou shalt prepare an introduction and a summary conclusion

19. John Doe A Chance for Education P.S: I want my audience to believe that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates.OQ: Why Should the federal government pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates? Intro: story of Heinrich Heine and knowledge I. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because denial of opportunities on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. --quotation from Newsweek, March 21, 1994II. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all --James Humes-Prof. of Education at USC, Higher Education, September 1983III.The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education --quotation from James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T.,Financing Education, 1992 Summary Conclusion A Sample Outline Title Purpose Statement Organizing QuestionIntroduction (Need) Evidence (Inherency) Evidence (Solvency) Evidence Summary

20. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation • an introduction and a summary conclusion • Thou shalt add a “so-what?” step

21. John Doe A Chance for Education P.S: I want my audience to believe that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates.OQ: Why Should the federal government pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates? Intro: story of Heinrich Heine and knowledge (so-what? – all us affected by college expenses I. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because denial of opportunities on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. --quotation from Newsweek, March 21, 1994II. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all --James Humes-Prof. of Education at USC, Higher Education, September 1983III.The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates becausegovernment financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education --quotation from James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T.,Financing Education, 1992 Summary Conclusion A Sample Outline Title Purpose Statement Organizing QuestionIntroduction“So-what? step (Need) Evidence (Inherency) Evidence (Solvency) Evidence Summary

22. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation 6. an introduction and a summary conclusion 7. Thou shalt add a “so-what?” step 8. Thou shalt provide transitions

23. John Doe A Chance for Education P.S: I want my audience to believe that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates.OQ: Why Should the federal government pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates? Intro: story of Heinrich Heine and knowledge (so-what?)(Preview all mainpoints) I. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because denial of opportunities on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. --quotation from Newsweek, March 21, 1994 (transition)II. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all --James Humes-Prof. of Education at USC, Higher Education, September 1983(transition)III.The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates becausegovernment financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education --quotation from James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T.,Financing Education, 1992 Summary Conclusion A Sample Outline Title Purpose Statement Organizing QuestionIntroduction“So-what? step Preview (Need) Evidence Transition (Inherency) Evidence Transition (Solvency) Evidence Summary

24. John Doe A Chance for Education • Intro: story of Heinrich Heine and knowledge • (s-what? – we are all affected by school costs) • (Preview all mainpoints) I. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates becausedenial of opportunities for higher education to qualified high school graduates on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. • (transition)II. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates becausepresent financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education • A. Government programs structurally exclude many • B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all • (transition)III. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education • Summary Conclusion

25. John Doe According to the lead editorial appearing in the March 21, 1994 issue of Newsweek, “Increases in college costs have become so extreme that at least one-third of qualified high school graduates cannot attend college due to lack of money. In the future, this uneducated group may well be a drain on the economy as a whole.” • James Humes, Prof. of Education at USC, published his research on the subject in the professional journal, Higher Education, in September 1983. He concluded: “Loan programs do not encourage students to attend college since the high financial burdens they place on students seem to put college opportunities beyond any but those whose careers are the very highest paid.” • Writing in his 1992 book Financing Education, James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T., explained: “Careful examination of state finances and the likely prospects for private programs to expand convincingly reveal that only the federal government is in a position to assure access to college to all qualified high school graduates.”

26. John Doe A Chance for Education • Intro: story of Heinrich Heine and knowledge • (s-what? – we are all affected by school costs) • (Preview all mainpoints) I. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates becausedenial of opportunities for higher education to qualified high school graduates on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. • (transition)II. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates becausepresent financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education • A. Government programs structurally exclude many • B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all • (transition)III. The federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates because government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education • Summary Conclusion • John Doe According to the lead editorial appearing in the March 21, 1994 issue of Newsweek, “Increases in college costs have become so extreme that at least one-third of qualified high school graduates cannot attend college due to lack of money. In the future, this uneducated group may well be a drain on the economy as a whole.” • James Humes, Prof. of Education at USC, published his research on the subject in the professional journal, Higher Education, in September 1983. He concluded: “Loan programs do not encourage students to attend college since the high financial burdens they place on students seem to put college opportunities beyond any but those whose careers are the very highest paid.” • Wrriting in his 1992 book Financing Education, James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T., explained: “Careful examination of state finances and the likely prospects for private programs to expand convincingly reveal that only the federal government is in a position to assure access to college to all qualified high school graduates.”