1. Topics for Today • “Acid” Rain • Quiz 10

2. Topics • pH and acid rain • Effects of acid rain • SO2 and NOx revisited

3. Readings for Today • 6.4 Introducing pH • 6.5 Measuring the pH of rain • 6.6 In search of the extra acidity

4. Readings for Today • 6.7 Sulfur dioxide (review) • 6.8 Nitrogen oxides (review) • 6.9 SOx and NOx • 6.10 Acid deposition and its effects on materials

5. Topics for Monday • From Fats to Soap!

6. Topics for Monday • What is a soap? • Why do soaps clean? • What is dirt? • What is hard water? • How do we make a soap?

7. Readings for Monday • Section 5.12.1 – How Hard is Your Water?

8. Announcements!

9. Announcements! HW 5 due Thursday the 10th!

10. Announcements! Exam 4 next Friday (May 4)!! Optional!

11. Final Exam!! NOT Optional

12. When? Where? Friday, May 18 12:25 pm 113 Psychology

13. Climate Change What do these all have in common? Nuclear Power Ethanol Fuel

14. Final Exam Essay! 2) Write an essay showing BOTH sides of the issue 1) Choose a controversial Chem 108 topic 3) Pick a side!!

15. Topics for Today • pH and acid rain • Effects of acid rain • SO2 and NOx revisited

16. But first… From last time

17. Saturated Fats • Occur naturally • Increase “bad” cholesterol (LDL) • Increase of plaque in arteries (leads to atherosclerosis)

18. Trans Fats • Occur naturally in very small amounts • Increase “bad” cholesterol (LDL) • Increase of plaque in arteries (leads to atherosclerosis) • Decrease “good” cholesterol (HDL) Double Whammy!

19. So, should I eat butter instead of margarine?

20. FAT TYPE PER SERVING (*)(Serving Size - 1 tbsp.) How much trans fats should we be eating?

21. The FDA does not have a standard Daily Value Allowance (DVA) for trans fats. As of Jan 1, 2006, nutrition labels must reveal the trans fats in a serving

22. Doesn’t add up!! 0 + 0 + 0.5 + 0 1 g????

23. trans fats must be on label ONLY if it is above 0.5 g. • In other words, 0.49 g of trans fat do NOT need to be reported.

24. How do I know if there are trans fats in my food?

25. Look at the ingredients!!

26. Topics for Today • pH and acid rain • Effects of acid rain • SO2 and NOx revisited

27. Review What is pH? Just a measure of the H+ concentration!

28. Pure Water • pH = 7! Neutral

29. What about the pH of rainwater?

30. Acidic or basic? Normal rainwater has a pH around 5.5. Why is rainwater naturally acidic?

31. Carbon Dioxide, CO2 O=C=O 380 ppm!! 4th most abundant gas in the atmosphere. A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas

32. Does CO2 wash out in the rain? No, but it is slightly soluble…

33. CO2 + H2O H2CO3 Gives rain its natural acidity Carbonic Acid!

34. Is the pH of “real” rainwater about 5.5? Depends…

42. Why does the eastern US have the lowest pH?

43. Usually 1-4% sulfur! So what?

45. What happens when you burn sulfur?

46. Sulfurous Acid SO2 + H2O  H2SO3 Sulfuric Acid SO3 + H2O  H2SO4

47. NOx Goes on to form nitric acid!!

48. 1999 SO2 Emissions by state

49. 1999 NOx Emissions by state