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Understanding Gasoline: Components, Volatility, and Combustion

This overview explains what's in gasoline, highlighting its composition of volatile hydrocarbons derived from crude petroleum, primarily used as fuel for internal combustion engines. It discusses the various types of hydrocarbons, including n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, and aromatics, addressing their flammable nature and molecular structures. The content also explores key concepts such as volatility and mixtures, distinguishing between different hydrocarbons like methane, ethane, propane, butane, and octane. Moreover, it provides insights into the combustion process and the environmental implications of gasoline use.

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Understanding Gasoline: Components, Volatility, and Combustion

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  1. Topics for Today What is in my gasoline? Burning a gallon of gasoline…

  2. Readings for Today • 3.6 Quantitative Concepts: Mass • 3.7 Quantitative Concepts: Molecules and Moles

  3. Topics for Wednesday • Burning a gallon of gasoline. • Where does my gasoline come from?

  4. Readings for Wednesday • 3.6 Quantitative Concepts: Mass • 3.7 Quantitative Concepts: Molecules and Moles

  5. Topics for Friday • Exam #2

  6. Topics for Monday • Greenhouse Earth!

  7. Topics for Today What is in my gasoline? Burning a gallon of gasoline…

  8. What is in my gasoline?

  9. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines.

  10. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. What is “volatile?”

  11. N2 + O2 2NO NO + O2 + .OH + VOCs NO2+ VOCs high temp Easily goes into the vapor phase VOC = Volatile Organic Compounds Contains C

  12. Some VOCs Methane (1 carbon) Ethane (2 carbons) Propane (3 carbons) Butane (4 carbons) Octane (8 carbons)

  13. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. What is “volatile?” Vapor Liquid A barrel

  14. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. What is a “mixture?”

  15. Is gasoline heterogeneous or homogenous? Matter Elements Pure Substances Mixtures Compounds Heterogeneous Homogeneous

  16. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. What is “flammable?”

  17. Complete combustion of methane CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O Undergoes combustion!

  18. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. What is a “hydrocarbon?”

  19. H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H-C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C-H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Paraffin is a hydrocarbon

  20. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. A molecule that contains ONLY carbon and hydrogen atoms. What is a “hydrocarbon?”

  21. Some hydrocarbons Methane Ethane Propane Butane Octane

  22. Some hydrocarbons Methane Ethane Propane Butane Octane

  23. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. Gasoline is a mixture (homogeneous) of over 300 different compounds!!

  24. What’s in my gasoline? n-alkanes (straight chain) Aromatics 15-25% iso-alkanes (branched) 20-30% 15-25% <1% 20-30% Alkenes and Alkynes Cycloalkanes

  25. What’s in my gasoline? n-alkanes (straight chain) Aromatics 15-25% iso-alkanes (branched) 20-30% 15-25% <1% 20-30% Alkenes and Alkynes Cycloalkanes

  26. n-alkanes in gasoline n-pentane (5 carbons) n-hexane (6 carbons) n-heptane (7 carbons) n-octane (8 carbons) etc… The n stands for “normal,” or straight chain.

  27. n-butane H H H H H C C H C C H H H H n-butane, C4H10

  28. n-butane OR H H H H H C C H C C H H H H n-butane, C4H10

  29. Condensedstructural formula! CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 n-butane, C4H10

  30. n-butane Figure 10.3 page 436

  31. n-pentane Be able to draw and name these structures from methane to octane! H H H H H H C C C H C C H H H H H n-pentane, C5H12

  32. What’s in my gasoline? n-alkanes (straight chain) Aromatics 15-25% iso-alkanes (branched) 20-30% 15-25% <1% 20-30% Alkenes and Alkynes Cycloalkanes

  33. Compare CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 n-butane, C4H10

  34. Compare H H H H H C C H C C H H H H n-butane, C4H10

  35. isobutane Structural Formula H H H C H H H C C H C H H H isobutane, C4H10

  36. Condensedstructural formula! CH3 CH3-CH-CH3 isobutane, C4H10

  37. n-butane Figure 10.3 page 436

  38. iso-butane Figure 10.3 page 436

  39. n-butane and isobutane are isomers! Isomer = Same chemical formula but different chemical structure!!!

  40. isobutane Also known as H H H C H H H C C H C H H H isobutane, C4H10

  41. isobutane Also known as H 2-methylpropane H H C H H H C C H C H H H isobutane, C4H10

  42. isobutane Also known as H 2-methylpropane H H C H H H C C H C 1 2 3 H H H isobutane, C4H10

  43. isobutane Also known as methyl, .CH3 H 2-methylpropane H H C H H H C C H C 1 2 3 H H H isobutane, C4H10

  44. Some VOCs Methane (1 carbon) Ethane (2 carbons) Propane (3 carbons) Butane (4 carbons) Octane ( 8 carbons)

  45. Methyl (1 carbon) .CH3 Ethyl (2 carbons) Propyl (3 carbons)

  46. n-octane Not too much of this in gasoline… CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Chemical formula? C8H18

  47. isooctane Isomers!! CH3 CH3 CH3-C-CH2-CH-CH3 CH3 Chemical formula? C8H18

  48. 2-methylpentane CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 Chemical formula?

  49. 2-methylpentane CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 Chemical formula? C6H14

  50. 2-methylpentane Same or different? CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 =? CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3

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