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An Application of Field Monitoring Data in Estimating Optimal Planting Dates of Cassava in Upper Paddy Field in Northeast Thailand.

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  1. An Application of Field Monitoring Data in Estimating Optimal Planting Dates of Cassavain Upper Paddy Field in Northeast Thailand Mallika SRISUTHAM1,2, Masaru MIZOGUCHI1, Anan POLTHANEE2, Ryoichi DOI11 Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo. JAPAN.2 Department of Land Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University. THAILAND.

  2. Topics for today Back ground of research Objectives Material and Method Results and discussion Conclusion Kindly suggestions and questions

  3. Location & Problem Several areas experience both flood & drought problems Source: Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Drought risk Map Flood risk Map Northeast Thailand Map

  4. Climate Change & Rainfall Monthly rainfall; March 2006 to 2011 Compared to average from 1950 to1997 Source:Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute (HAII) Ministry of Science and Technology, Thailand

  5. Monthly rainfall; May, 2006 to 2011 Compared to average from 1950 to1997 Source:Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute (HAII) Ministry of Science and Technology, Thailand

  6. Mean of Daily High Temperature in Thailand Climate Change & Air Temp.

  7. Limitation factors for cropping Environmental conditions • Water supply is limited in upper paddy field. • Precipitation (Rainfall) is mainly water supply. • Ground water/water table were found at 2.5-3.0 m. depth from ground surface in dry season. • Poor soil; high-drainage, low nutrientsfertility. Socio-Economic conditions • Rice is a main crop for farmers in Thailand. Intercropping are needed in those areas. • Poor farmers; low cost crops Source:Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute (HAII),Ministry of Science and Technology, Thailand

  8. Cropping Systemsin Upper Paddy Areas, Northeast Thailand Major crop Minor crops Sugarcane Cassava Source: URL; http://www.123rf.com/photo_9737394_paddy-field-north-east-of-thailand.html Peanut Corn

  9. Cropping systems in NE, Thailand Upper Paddy(Rain-fed areas) Source: Anan P. and G. Marten (1986)

  10. Why’s Cassava? • Droughts tolerant plant, it can grow in areas with as little as 500 mm rainfall per year and survives in areas with dry period of 5-6 months (since it has a conservative pattern of water use) (Cock, 1985). • Cassavais well adapted to poor soils (Barnaudet al, 2006), low fertility and very acid soil (Howeler, 2006). • It is a popular crop among poor farmers because it requires few input besides labor to produce a reasonable yield.

  11. Objectives • To estimate the optimum planting dates and harvesting time for cassava after ricein upper paddy areas. • To investigate the influences of environmental conditions (climatic data and soil moisture) in changing of cropping system in the upper paddy areas, KhonKaen province.

  12. The study area The study areas is located in the upper paddy field at Phea-fan village in KhonKaen province, Thailand. At latitude 164718N, longitude.1024926 E, which is located about 40 km of KhonKaencity. The elevation at 206 m above mean sea level, with slope about 2 to 5 %. The study area in KhonKaen province Thailand map

  13. Maturity Stem and Preparation for Planting Cutting stem 15-20 cm Maturity stem : 8-12 months old Preparation before planting

  14. Land Preparation and Planting cassava Cutting stem 15-20 cm 70-80 cm 50 cm Planting on ridge Growth measurement

  15. Real-time Monitoring System Weather station(June 17th, 2011) 2nd-Planting date area(November 21st, 2011) • Meteorological data; • Rainfall • Solar radiation • Air temperature • Air humidity • Wind direction-wind speed 1st-Planting date area(November 21st, 2011) • 5TE sensor; • Soil moisture • Soil temperature • Bulk electrical conductivity

  16. Real-time Monitoring system http://x-ability.jp/FieldRouter/vbox0036/ Source: Mizoguchiet.al (2011)

  17. Planting Date • Soil moisture content at 4 and 16 cm • November: 0.31 to 0.38 cm3/cm3 0.27 to 0.29 cm3/cm3 • December: 0.28 to 0.31cm3/cm3 0.24 to 0.27 cm3/cm3 Rice cropping (June to Mid-October) Cassava cropping/or any 2nd crops (November to end-May) 1st-Planting date on 21st Nov 2011 2nd -Panting date on 21st Dec 2011 The distributions of rainfall (mm) and soil moisture content (cm3/cm3) in cassava field from June 17th, 2011 to February 27th, 2012

  18. Growth of cassava 2nd-Planting date area 1st-Planting date area 16 samples around soil moisture sensor were measured and recorded growth rate

  19. Results and Discussions

  20. (a) The fluctuations of rainfall (mm) in cassava field, (b) and (c) changes of soil moisture, growth of cassava and waterlogging occurred in the areas of the first -planting date and second-planting date respectively. (a) The distribution of rainfall from November 2011 to June 1st, 20112 • May 26th, 2012 : • At 8, 16 and 32 cm Growth of cassava (cm) Watarloggingoccured Watarloggingoccured Growth of cassava (cm) (b) Changes of soil moisture related to growth rate in the areas of first-planting date Growth of cassava (cm) • May 25th, 2012: • At 4 and16 cm • At 8 cm, there is no data (sensor broken). Watarloggingoccured Watarloggingoccured 20 (c) Changes of soil moisture related to growth rate in the areas of second-planting date

  21. Growth Rate of Cassava III II I Growth measurement

  22. Root yield & the Starch content Harvesting date; May 31, 2012 • 1st- Planting date: 67.74 ton/ha • 2nd-Planting date: 62.56 ton/ha 6 months Sampling 5 kg; to investigate the obtained of starch content 4 months 5 months

  23. Conclusions • Real-time monitoring data in the field is useful to estimate the optimum planting date and the right time to harvest. • The optimum planting dates of cassava after rice in upper paddy field in KhonKaen, should be starting in period of November rather than December. • The times for harvesting should be more than 6 months after transplanting (if, it possible). Then the starch content will be increased. However, in this case the harvesting date was done by the end-May. That is the right times for market condition.

  24. Distribution of cassava growing areas in Thailand Percent of cassava area harvested in each month for the whole of Thailand. May, June, July Source: Office of Agriculture Economics, DOA,1999.

  25. Conclusions Common cropping systems in Northeast Thailand • Cropping system in the upper paddy areas in KhonKaen province are changes, it seems influences by climate change in this region.

  26. Thank you very much for your kind attention MARCO Symposium 2012 (24th – 27th Sept, 2012)

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