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U.S. History

U.S. History. Mr. Weber Wednesday November 19, 2008. Activator. The Chicano Club at El Senero Middle School is protesting war and Migra raids. How does that relate to the organizations we are researching? Be specific. Sharing (time permitting). Take out your drafts of section one.

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U.S. History

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  1. U.S. History Mr. Weber Wednesday November 19, 2008

  2. Activator • The Chicano Club at El Senero Middle School is protesting war and Migra raids. • How does that relate to the organizations we are researching? Be specific.

  3. Sharing (time permitting) • Take out your drafts of section one. • Going round the room, let’s hear some of these so everyone can get a good sense for what they should be like. • Remember: section one is the historical context. What was going on in the 1920s in terms of racism and discrimination that made it necessary for the organizations to fight back?

  4. Agenda • Activator, agenda, and objective (10 minutes) • Writing Section Two (30 minutes) • Exit Ticket (5 minutes) • Homework (5 minutes)

  5. Objective • All students will… • [Continue to] Examine the racism and discrimination of the 1920s (KKK, Palmer Raids, Immigration Quotas) and the way people fought back (ACLU, NAACP, ADL, Garvey). 11.5.2. • Complete sections 1 and 2 by the end of class.

  6. Social Justice Research Papers • Instructions: Write a 5 page (1000 words) research paper on one of the following organizations: • American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • Marcus Garvey’s Back to Africa Movement • The Anti-Defamation League • You must answer the following questions: • A) Why was the organization founded? What were the problems the organization was trying to overcome? This section provides the historical context. • B) When was the organization founded? Who formed the organization? What kinds of people became involved? • C) What specific things did it do to fight racism and prejudice early on? • D) What made it ultimately successful and allowed it to continue to this day? • E) What can we learn from this organization about community organizing and movements of people for social justice?

  7. THESIS: opening telling reader main ideas in paper in order you address them (suggestion: write this last) 1. FIRST BODY SECTION: describe the historical context (suggestion: use your comprehension check). A) When (1920s) B) What (cultural conflict) C) Supporting examples: i. KKK (nativism) ii. Palmer Raids iii. Immigration quotas 2. SECOND BODY SECTION: your organization. A) When and by whom was it started? What kinds of people were involved? B) What specific things did it do to fight racism and prejudice early on? i. Specific example (maybe court case) ii. Specific example (protest) iii. Specific example (education) 3. THIRD BODY SECTION: what made it ultimately successful? A) This organization started in the 1920s, but continued to fight for people’s rights throughout the 20th century. B) Specific examples (what things did the organization do? Winning court cases, etc.) 4. FOURTH BODY SECTION: what can we learn about community organizing and movements of people for social change? A) Discuss the things the organization had going for them B) How could you apply those things to an issue you care about? COCLUSION: sum up the main points and point to the future…

  8. Review: Section One  1. FIRST BODY SECTION: describe the historical context (suggestion: use your comprehension check). A) When (1920s) B) What (cultural conflict) C) Supporting examples: i. KKK (nativism) ii. Palmer Raids iii. Immigration quotas

  9. Writing Section Two 2. SECOND BODY SECTION: your organization. A) When and by whom was it started? B) What kinds of people were involved? C) What specific things did it do to fight racism and prejudice early on? i. Specific example (maybe court case) ii. Specific example (maybe a protest) iii. Specific example (maybe education) iv. Specific example (maybe a publication)

  10. Section Two: Its all about the examples…

  11. Exit Ticket What have you noticed about your organization that might explain why it managed to be so successful? What specific actions it took to fight racism and prejudice in the 1920s? List them. How can what you have learned be applied to a situation in your life? If we organized a field trip to get involved in a community organizing issue like the protest/rally in El Sereno would you want to come?

  12. Homework • We Meet Tomorrow: Thursday, 11/20. • You should have now written at least sections 1 and 2. • You need to have a rough draft at the start of class. • Write drafts of section 3 and 4 for homework. • I will check your drafts at the start of class. • We will work on the thesis and conclusions in class tomorrow.

  13. Helpful Slides If Students Need Them • Paraphrasing example • Analyzing example • Writing background to section one example • ADL mission statement • ACLU mission statement • NAACP mission statement • Marcus Garvey mission and info.

  14. Using notes and quotes: Paraphrasing • QUOTE: “A race riot in Springfield Illinois, prompted the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in 1910. Whites dominated the leadership of the organization early on…” (Zinn, p.348) • WRITING IN PAPER: The NAACP was formed in response to racial violence. Although it was formed to fight for the rights of African Americans, historian Howard Zinn reports that it was mostly white people in charge of the organization early on.

  15. Using notes and quotes: Analyzing Direct Quotes • QUOTE: “The impossibility of the black person’s ever being considered equal in white America was the theme of the nationalist movement led in the 1920s by Marcus Garvey. He preached black pride, racial separation, and a return to Africa, which to him was the only hope for black unity and survival. But Garvey’s movement, inspiring as it was to some blacks, could not make much headway against the powerful white supremacy currents of the postwar decades.” (Zinn, p.382) • PAPER: Historian Howard Zinn sums up the main elements of Garvey’s movement: Black pride and separation from white society (the “back to Africa” movement). But Zinn is rather pessimistic in writing that it “did not make much headway.” It is true that racism and a white power structure were very hard to fight against, but Garvey’s movement did more than just send people back to Africa. It inspired people. Inspiration, however, is difficult to measure in terms of “headway.”

  16. Writing the First Section • Use your comprehension checks. • There was a surge of racism and anti-immigrant attitudes and policies in the 1920s. The Great Migration after the Civil War had brought millions of African Americans to cities in the Northern states. International immigration brought millions of people from Europe throughout the end of the 19th century, and the transportation revolution and increased industrialization added to the growth of cities. Ethnic neighborhoods developed in major cities, but also new cultural conflicts over what it meant to be “American” in a nation entirely made of immigrants (coming from other countries at one point or another in this nation’s past). Conflict over jobs fueled racial tensions, but divisions between rich and poor were particularly striking as billionaires controlled the majority of the nation’s wealth and the class of exploited industrial workers continued to grow. Some people tried to claim they were more American because of the color of their skin or in virtue of the fact that they were born in the U.S. These “nativist” attitudes were also easily aligned with the white supremacist doctrine of the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK was revived during the 1920s, and they committed terrible crimes. The worst was a public display of torture called lynching…. • Immigration also spiked after the First World War. The influx of Eastern European immigrants raised fears that “radicals” or “socialists” would try to overthrow the government. Maybe, as Howard Zinn suggests, it was because they strengthened the unions and workers started to ban together and present a “socialist challenge” (Zinn, pp.381-2). Congress passed immigration quotas…

  17. Anti-Defamation League • The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) is an interest group founded in 1913 by B'nai B'rith in the United States whose stated aim is: • “… To stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people. Its ultimate purpose is to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens.” • In October 2008, the ADL reportedly assisted the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) by providing, on request, information on Daniel Cowart and Paul Schlesselman (as well as their associates and contacts) and on their ties to the Supreme White Alliance. Shortly thereafter, the two men were arrested on charges of plotting to murder dozens of African Americans and plotting to assassinate presidential candidate BarackObama.

  18. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) • ACLU's stated mission is "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States.” It works through litigation, legislation, and community education. • The ACLU was formed to protect aliens threatened with deportation, along with U.S. nationals threatened with criminal charges by U.S. Attorney General Alexander Mitchell Palmer for their communist or socialist activities and agendas. It also opposed attacks on the rights of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and other labor unions to meet and organize.

  19. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential civil rights organizations in the United States. Its mission is: • “… To ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination.” • Its name, retained in accord with tradition, is one of the last surviving uses of the term "colored people.”

  20. THE BACK TO AFRICA MOVEMENT • Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association • Believed in Black pride • Advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority • Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa • He purchased a ship to start the Black Star line • Attracted many investments: gov't charged him with w/fraud • He was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

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