GETTING READY

1. GETTING READY

2. GETTING READY

3. GETTING READY

4. VOCABULARY DRILL

5. EXPRESSION PRACTICE

6. EXPRESSION PRACTICE

7. EXPRESSION PRACTICE

8. READING─PRE-READING TASK Look at the title of the article. Select what you think overfishing refers to. There are multiple correct answers. a. Fish are caught before they are fully grown. b. Eating fish that are too high in protein can have serious effects. c. So many adult fish are harvested that there are not enough left to reproduce. d. When fishing is done irresponsibly, it endangers wildlife. e. Fishing provides a great food source for developing countries.

9. READING Overfishing: The Enemy of Ocean LIfe Today, the biggest threat to marine life is overfishing. Scientists predict that unsustainable fishing practices will cause the world’s seafood supply to run out by 2048. Only through deliberate measures can this disaster be avoided. P. 40 P. 41

10. READING Overfishing: The Enemy of Ocean LIfe Over three quarters of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, yet many underwater species are becoming increasingly rare. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that more than 70 percent of the world’s fish stocks have reached dangerously low numbers or are already depleted. This is due to a phenomenon called biological overfishing, which comes in three forms: growth, recruit, and ecosystem. P. 40 P. 41

11. READING Overfishing: The Enemy of Ocean LIfe Growth overfishing occurs when fish are harvested before becoming mature. Because of the smaller size of the young fish, fishermen have to catch more to achieve their goal weight. Moreover, when too many adult fish are caught, the reproduction of the species is likewise threatened; this is referred to as recruit overfishing. The third kind is perhaps the worst: ecosystem overfishing. In extreme cases, fishing changes a region’s entire wildlife distribution. For example, poisonous jellyfish have experienced a recent population explosion in some oceans because they no longer face competition from predators*. P. 40 P. 41

12. READING Overfishing: The Enemy of Ocean LIfe Overfishing has severe consequences for humans too. In Africa, the decline of fish known for eating disease-causing insects has been linked to an increased incidence of illness. There are also economical disadvantages, like those seen in Newfoundland, Canada. Cod fishing was the main trade in this province, but in 1992, fleets went to sea and returned empty-handed. The cod had vanished. Decades of overfishing resulted in their disappearance, and 40,000 people lost their source of income. Today, many communities are still struggling to recover. P. 40 P. 41

13. READING Overfishing: The Enemy of Ocean LIfe If the industry acts now, the world’s sea life can be saved. First, every fishery must limit the total number of fish caught, giving adults time to breed. Second, certain areas need to be protected, such as delicate sea floor habitats and coral reefs. Governments should work together to make dangerous fishing practices illegal. Consumers can make a difference too with just a little extra effort. Buy fish only from providers who practice sustainable fishing methods and never eat endangered species. P. 40 P. 41

14. READING Overfishing: The Enemy of Ocean LIfe Oceans and lakes are filled with fascinating life forms that have existed for millions of years. Let’s not allow our appetites to destroy them! P. 40 P. 41

15. READING Discussion Before the discovery of petroleum, whale blubber was the main source of oil. Thus, during the 18th and 19th centuries, the practice of hunting whales was popular, wiping out many species and endangering others. Today, there are still crews who hunt whales. What is your opinion of this issue? How do you think it affects sea life?

16. READING ─AFTER YOU READ P. 33 P. 36 A. Understand from the Context Rewrite the parts in bold with words from the article. P. 34 P. 37 P. 38 P. 35 1. Consumers want to know where their food comes from to ensure that its continued production is not damaging the environment. 2. Global warming has caused the natural homes of many species to vanish.  3. The police discovered that the bombing was planned rather than accidental.  4. Although bulldog breeding can occur naturally, most females cannot give birth without a vet’s help.  5. The study revealed a high rate of birth defects in children whose parents smoked. 6. The area of the sea near the east coast is famous for its diverse underwater life.  sustainable habitats deliberate reproduction incidence marine

17. READING ─AFTER YOU READ P. 33 P. 36 B. Complete the Flyer Fill in the blanks with words from the article. P. 34 P. 37 P. 38 P. 35 • Overfishing—Know the Facts! • Did you know that overfishing is seriously destroying marine • 1.e_____________s? Here are examples of what can happen when fish • populations are wiped out: • The 2.d_____________e balance of life is disrupted, which causes problems in the natural food chain. • Species of fish become 3.e_____________d or extinct. The bluefin tuna is likely to be the next fish to disappear! • Less desirable animals, like the 4.p_____________s jellyfish, will thrive without predators to keep their numbers down. • Our underwater friends are 5. i_____________y under attack. We should unite in efforts to preserve the 6.b_____________l diversity of our oceans! cosystem elicat ndangere oisonou ncreasingl iologica

18. READING ─AFTER YOU READ C. Comprehension Check Answer the questions. They can cause the extinction of a species of fish. Reports of illnesses started to increase in many places. The fish population in the area had been totally depleted. We should refrain from eating endangered species and buying fish from fishers who practice unsustainable methods.