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Risk Management Framework & Debacles. Reasons exist for active financial risk management. SMOOTH EARNINGS!!! Match Supply of Internally-generated funds with Demand for funds for Capital Expenditures Match Employee’s incentives with Investors
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Reasons exist for active financial risk management SMOOTH EARNINGS!!! • Match Supply of Internally-generated funds with Demand for funds for Capital Expenditures • Match Employee’s incentives with Investors • Match Information Advantage with Transaction Ability & Cost of Transaction
Risk Programs • Identification of risk sources • Evaluation of bearing risk vs. transfer, and competitive response • Creation of financial positions to transfer • Position description • Standardized vs. Proprietary positions • Pricing through arbitrage • Position maintenance and review
Core Businesses • Primary: Grain Distributor • Store, Sort and Transport • Board Grain: Wheat, Barley and Oats w/ Floor Price • Non-Board Grain: All Others w/ Variable Price • Secondary: De-Facto Vertical Integration • Crop Production Services (Spring) • Farm Supplies (Fertilizer, Seed and Support) • Livestock Services (Feed) • Farm Business Communication (Extension)
Biz Interruption Cargo/Marine Civil Disturb Commodity Competition Consumer Contracts Credit Counterparty BofD/Officers Data Disease/Spoil IT Failure Employee Inj. All Risks • Employee Liab. • Employee Perf. • Environmental • FX • HQ Calamity • Indus. Spying • Intell. Property • Interest Rates • Inventory • Labor Strike • Leverage • Key Executive • M&A • Major Property • Pension Liab. • Process Comp. • Product Liab. • Product Perf. • Political Risk • R&D • Regulatory • Stock Market • Strategy • Technology • Transportation • Unionization • Weather
Main Risks Risk Mgmt Technique Weather None Toxins Insurance/Control Counterparty Diversify/Contracts Credit Diversify/Contracts Inventory (Spoilage) Oprtns/Insurance Commodity Futures/Options
Debacles • Gibson Greeting Cards 1993 • Metallgesellschaft 1993 • Proctor & Gamble 1993 • Orange County 1994 • http://www.gsm.uci.edu/~jorion/oc/case.html • Barings Bank 1995 • Long Term Capital Management 1998