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The Brain

This article discusses the application of brain imaging technologies—such as EEG, CT, MRI, fMRI, and PET—in investigating the intricate relationship between biological factors and behavior. It highlights how these methods, developed since 1929, enhance our understanding of brain activity and function. EEG monitors electrical activity, CT reveals structural changes, MRI provides detailed images using magnetic fields, fMRI tracks active brain regions, and PET offers insights into brain metabolism. Each technology presents unique advantages and limitations in researching brain function and behavior.

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The Brain

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  1. The Brain Discuss the use of brain imaging technologies in investigating the relationship between biological factors and behavior.

  2. Modern technology and localization of function

  3. Electroencephalogram (EEG) • Developed in 1929 by Hans Berger • Electrodes are placed on the outside of the head using a special cap or helmet. • Detect electrical activity in the brain.

  4. Electroencephalogram (EEG) • Most widely used in sleep research. • It can measure what stage of sleep you are in. • 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th • REM (Rapid Eye Movement) • Not that accurate in research showing us localization of function.

  5. Computed Tomography • Combines computer and x-ray technology. • Images are taken from all sides and look like slices of the brain. • GREAT for showing structural changes in the brain (like a tumor).

  6. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • Our bodies are about 60% water H2O. • Uses a strong magnetic field to push one proton of the H2O off its orbit. • When magnetic pulse stops…the proton rushes back to its orbit. • It emits a small radio frequency on its way back. • The machine can detect that radio frequency..taking a picture of it.

  7. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • Normally much more safe that CT scan. • But REALLY bad it you have metal inside of you…. • Very precise images from any angle.

  8. Functional MRI (fMRI) • Uses MRI technology but takes pictures of only active areas (areas with more blood). • Great for showing brain activity.

  9. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) • Inject a radioactive substance in an individual. • Usually some radioactive sugar that produces gamma rays. • When the brain metabolizes (burns) the sugar, the PET machine will measure it. • Great diagnostic tool for showing abnormalities in brain activity.

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