vaccines

1. vaccines Antibodies(Ig) are produced by the body in response to the first attack by a germ or virus. Vaccine can trigger antibodies without being sick. You will be exposed to a killed or weakened version of the bacteria(toxoid) or virus(virion). The ideal vaccine gives the body enough exposure to the intruder to allow it to recognize it as a threat, but not enough of an exposure to risk the contraction of the disease Currently there are vaccines for over 20 different diseases

2. vaccines • During outbreaks a certain number of vaccinated individuals will still contract the disease –strain. Most vaccines are extremely safe to use, but they are not completely free of side effects. Usually unless the patient is allergic to a component in the vaccine, most complaints after administration consist of soreness or redness at the administration site or a low grade fever • FDA has the "Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System” • the PTCE has asked questions regarding the administration of the vaccine

3. vaccines • SQ - 23 to 25 gauge needle 5/8 to 3/4 inch long - fatty tissue on back of upper arm • IM - 22 to 25 gauge needle 1 to 1.5 inch long - deltoid muscle by shoulder

4. Poliomyelitis • Vaccine Abbreviation– IPV(inactivated polio virus) • Common Name-- Polio • Invader Type-- Virus • Result of Infection-- Paralysis usually of the legs • Vaccine Administration-- SQ • Special Comments • - Requires a series of four vaccinations

5. Rubella • Vaccine Abbreviation-- MMR (combination) • Common Name-- German Measles • Invader Type-- Virus • Result of Infection Distinctive red rash • Vaccine Administration-- SQ • Special Comments • Contained in the MMR (Measles-Mumps-Rubella) combination vaccine • Rubella is closely related to Measles but is caused by a different virus • VERY damaging in pregnant women, especially in the first trimester • - can cause fetus death or abnormalities -MMR Requires 4 vaccinations

6. Varicella • Vaccine Abbreviation-- Varivax • Common Name-- Chicken Pox • Invader Type-- Virus • Result of Infection-- Red Itchy Rash Vaccine Administration– SQ • Shingles=herpes zoster=old chickenpox • Vaccine is Zostavax

7. Diptheria • Vaccine Abbreviation-- DTaP (combinations) or DPT • Invader Type --Bacteria • Result of Infection-- Bad sore throat, fever, swollen gland and weakness • Vaccine Administration --IM • - Contained in DTaP (Diptheria - Tetanus - Pertussis) combination vaccine in • Td (Tetanus - Diptheria for adults) and DT (Diptheria - Tetanus for Children) • - DTaP requires 5 vaccinations

8. Mumps • Vaccine Abbreviation-- MMR (combination) • Invader Type-- Virus • Result of Infection: Swelling in one or both parotid salivary glands • Vaccine Administration --SQ • Special Comments—4 vaccinations

9. Pertussis • Vaccine Abbreviation-- DTaP (combination), sometimes called DPT • Common Name-- Whooping Cough • Invader Type-- Bacteria • Result of Infection-- Severe hacking cough followed by high pitched intake of breathing • sounds like a whoop • Vaccine Administration-- IM • Special Comments • - Contained in DTaP (Dipthena - Tetanus - Pertussis) combination vaccine

10. Hepatitis B • Vaccine Abbreviation-- HBV • Invader Type-- Virus • Result of Infection-- Chronic liver infection • Vaccine Administration --IM • Special Comments

11. Influenza • Vaccine Abbrev-- Flu • Common Name-- Flu • Invader Type --Virus • Result of Infection --Infection of the upper respiratory system high fever, and body aches • Vaccine Administration-- IM • Special Comments • Every year is new flu immunization • - Each year the flu vaccine is made using the three most likely flu viruses

12. Tetanus • Vaccine Abbreviation-- DTaP Td, DT (combinations) • Common Name-- Lock Jaw • Invader Type --Bacteria • Result of Infection-- Stiffness of the jaw and other muscles • Vaccine Administration-- IM • Special Comments • - Contained in DTaP -requires 5 vaccinations

13. Pneumococcal • Vaccine Abbreviation-- PPV (adults)= • Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine • PCV (infants)= Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine • Common Name-- Pneumonia • Invader Type --Bacteria • Result of infection --Inflammation of the lungs • Vaccine Administration --IM • Special Comments. • Protects from 23 different types of pneumoccal bacteria • Infant form requires 4 vaccinations

14. Variola • Common Name --Smallpox • Invader Type --Virus • Result of Infection --Fever, malaise headache, severe fatigua. severe back pain, flat redlesions that fill with pus and erupt, deep pitted scars • Vaccine Administration-- Scratch method • Special Comments • Actually, the Smallpox vaccine does not contain the smallpox virus Instead it contains a live form of a closely related virus called vaccinia. Unlike other vaccines that are injected either SQ or IM the small pox vaccine is administered by using a special needle with two tines that scratch the surface of the skin to introduce the vaccine. This area contains active live virus, and is very contagious. It can be spread to other parts of the body or to other individuals if the area is touched. It will remain contagious until the scab falls off.

15. Consider storage… Varicella---frozen until use MMR—freezer or refrigerator MMRV—frozen Inactivated vaccines---stored in refrigerator Live attenuated vaccines---stored in refrigerator Flu mist vaccine---has special freeze box

16. immunity • Acquired immunity---body made antibodies • Natural Active acquired—you got the infection • Artificial active acquired---vaccine • Attenuated vaccine---pathogen weakened so that gives immunity but will not yield disease. • Antigen=immunogen • igG=goes across placenta. Protects leukoctyes and erthroctyes • igA= protects mucous membranes • igM=largest ig. First responder. Can destroy antigen. • igD=minimal ig. For milk, insulin, penicillin allergies • igE=causes allergies when combines with antigen