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Vaccines

Vaccines. Carly Hanson, Jody Starr, Jessica Linn, and Lisa Harter . Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a serious disease that affects the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis b virus. Incubation period ranges from 45 to 160 days.

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Vaccines

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  1. Vaccines Carly Hanson, Jody Starr, Jessica Linn, and Lisa Harter

  2. Hepatitis B • Hepatitis B is a serious disease that affects the liver. • It is caused by the hepatitis b virus. • Incubation period ranges from 45 to 160 days. • Hepatitis B is spread through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person. • About 5 out of 100 people will contract hepatitis b in their lifetime if not vaccinated. • The first vaccination became available in 1982.

  3. Hepatitis B • Acute illnesses include: • Loss of appetite • Tiredness • Diarrhea and vomiting • Jaundice • Muscle and joint and stomach pain Acute illness is more common in adults. Children do not usually exhibit acute illness symptoms.

  4. Hepatitis B Vaccine Chronic infection includes: Liver damage (cirrhosis) Liver cancer Death Chronic infection is more common among infants and children than adults. **This picture shows a woman who is suffering liver cancer caused by hepatitis b.

  5. Hepatitis B- Who should get vaccinated? • It is usually a three-dose series. • It is recommended for all children 0-18 years of age. • It is recommended for infants beginning at birth in the hospital. • All older children who did not get all the recommended doses of hepatitis B vaccine as an infant should complete their vaccine series as soon as possible. • Most states require hepatitis B vaccine for school entry.

  6. Hepatitis B cont. • Adolescents who are just starting their series will need two or three doses, depending on their age and the brand of vaccine used. • Adults at increased risk of acquiring HBV infection should also be vaccinated. • In addition, the vaccine can be given to any person who desires protection from hepatitis B.

  7. Diphtheria • Diphtheria causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. • It can lead to breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure, and even death. • Through the 1920’s diphtheria killed 13,000 babies and children in the U.S. each year. • Sickened another 150,000 a year. • Only one case was reported in the U.S. in 1998 to 1999.

  8. Diphtheria Diphtheria is caused by a bacterium. Diphtheria bacteria live in the mouth, throat, and nose of an infected person. Can be passed to others by coughing or sneezing. Incubation period is short: 2-5 days, with a range of 1-10 days. Early symptoms of diphtheria may mimic a cold with a sore throat, mild fever, and chills.

  9. Pertussis • Also know as Whooping Cough. • Causes coughing spells so bad it is hard for infants to eat, drink, or breathe. • The spells can last for weeks. • It can lead to pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and death. • The first vaccine was in widespread use by the 1940’s. • In the 1940’s it killed 8,000 and sickened 200,000 children a year.

  10. 3 Stages of Pertussis • Catarrhal stage: can last 1-2 weeks and includes a runny nose, sneezing, low-grade fever, and a mild cough (all similar symptoms to the common cold). • Paroxysmal stage: usually lasts 1-6 weeks, but can persist for up to 10 weeks. • The characteristic symptom is a burst, or paroxysm, of numerous, rapid coughs. At the end of the paroxysm the patient suffers from a long inhaling effort that is characterized by a high-pitched whoop. • Infants and young children often appear very ill and distressed, and may turn blue and vomit.

  11. 3 Stages of Pertussis cont. • Convalescent stage: usually lasts 2-6 weeks, but may last for months. • Cough usually disappears after 2-3 weeks, but outbursts may recur whenever the patient suffers any subsequent respiratory infection. • The disease is usually milder in adolescents and adults. • Individuals are still able to transmit the disease to others, including unimmunized or incompletely immunized infants.

  12. DTaP -Who should get vaccinated? • Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus are routinely given in combination together, referred to as DTaP. • Children should receive 5 doses before the age of 6. • At 11 or 12 years children should start to get a booster shot every 10 years. • Adults who have never been vaccinated should get vaccinated. • Women who are pregnant or who have recently given birth should be given a one-time dose of DTaP to protect their newborn.

  13. Vaccines • The risks of side affects from the vaccinations are far less of a danger than the disease itself.

  14. Review Questions • How is HBV most commonly contracted? • At what age is it recommended to start getting a booster shot every 10 years for diphtheria? • How many stages of pertussis are there?

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