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Tuesday November 02, 2010

Tuesday November 02, 2010. Update your planner. Set up your Cornell notes. Today’s Theme: What is a mineral? What are the ways that minerals can be identified? What defines whether something is a mineral or not? What is a crystal? What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?

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Tuesday November 02, 2010

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  1. Tuesday November 02, 2010 • Update your planner. • Set up your Cornell notes. • Today’s Theme: What is a mineral? • What are the ways that minerals can be identified? • What defines whether something is a mineral or not? • What is a crystal? • What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? • Hand in any late work • Progress Reports Tomorrow (Due Thursday) • Science Fair Complete Write Up Due Friday!!!!!!!!! OMG

  2. Friday November 05, 2010 • Open books to page 66. • Turn in science fair project.

  3. Minerals • Today: Use your keen powers of observation to make a list in your notebook of all of the physical properties you notice about the seven samples. • Think about these questions: • Are they all minerals? • Why do they look the way they do? • How did they form? • What are they composed of? • Where did they come from?

  4. Grouping Physical Properties 5 Minutes • How many different ways can you put these samples into different groups • See how many you can think of and write them down • We will share them with the rest of the class

  5. Wednesday November 03, 2010 • Please write today’s lesson and date in your notebook. • Today’s lesson: How do we identify minerals? • What are the physical properties of minerals? • How do we tell minerals apart? • Why do minerals have different properties • Textbooks open to Page 70 • Please do not touch equipment yet!!!! • Science Fair Complete Write Up is due Friday.

  6. Properties of Minerals • Learning Objectives • What are the ways that minerals can be identified? • What is Moh’s Hardness Scale? • What is the difference between cleavage and fracture? • What are some common uses for minerals?

  7. What is a mineral? • A mineral is • Naturally Occurring (made by earth-not man made), • Inorganic (never was alive), • Solid (atoms in fixed position, definite volume/shape), • with a definite crystal structure (repeating pattern of minerals atoms), • and a definite chemical composition (same elements throughout in a certain proportion)

  8. Which of these are minerals? AMBER COAL MICA PEARL QUARTZ SUGAR HALITE

  9. Salesite

  10. Gold

  11. Fluorite

  12. Tiptopite (clear) & Montgomeryite

  13. Acanthite

  14. Chrysotile

  15. Gypsum

  16. Pyrite

  17. Feldspar

  18. Physical Properties of Minerals • These properties are used to identify minerals

  19. 1. Color • Color is the most noticeable physical property of a mineral but is THE LEAST reliable. • This is because the same mineral can come in many colors. Example:

  20. Mineral Identification azurite Color is one physical property that can be used to identify minerals but beware…… rhodochrosite malachite turquoise

  21. The many colors of Calcite

  22. The many colors of Quartz

  23. 2. Streak: The color of the powdered form of a mineral when rubbed on an unglazed porcelain plate

  24. Streak • The mineral is rubbed on an unglazed porcelain plate to determine the color of the streak powder. • Not all minerals have a streak. Any mineral harder than the plate (7+) will leave a scratch instead.

  25. Streak Example: Same Mineral!

  26. 3. Luster • Luster describes how light is reflected from a mineral’s surface. • A mineral has either • Metallic Luster (shines like a metal) or • Non-Metallic Luster. • Dull, earthy, waxy, greasy, pearly, silky or vitreous (glassy)

  27. Luster: The mineral Galena has a metallic luster

  28. Metallic Luster Non-Metallic Luster Examples of Luster

  29. Metallic or Nonmetallic?

  30. Metallic or Nonmetallic?

  31. Metallic or Nonmetallic?

  32. Density • Density is the comparison of mass to volume. • It’s really how well packed are the atoms in the object. Mass divided by volume

  33. Thursday November 04, 2010 • Please write today’s lesson and date in your notebook. • Today’s lesson: How do we identify minerals? • What are the physical properties of minerals? • How do we tell minerals apart? • Why do minerals have different properties • Textbooks open to Page 72 • Please do not touch equipment yet!!!! • Science Fair Complete Write Up is due Friday.

  34. Physical Properties that Identify Minerals (so far) • Color • Streak • Luster (metallic or non-metallic) • Density • Hardness • Crystal Systems • Texture • ……the rest today

  35. 5. Hardness • Hardness is a measure of how easily a mineral is scratched. • determined by arrangement of the mineral’s atoms.

  36. Mohs Hardness Scale:a relative scale used to determine the mineral’s hardness 5.5 4.5 3.5 6.5 2.5 Fingernail Penny Iron Nail Glass Streak Plate

  37. Crystal Systems • The way the mineral grows atom by atom makes a shape we call a crystal. • Most of the time you can’t see them. • More time and space it had to grow = bigger crystals

  38. Crystal Forms These are Quartz Crystals • These are Quartz Crystals

  39. 7. Texture • Texture describes how a mineral feels to the touch. • Texture can be described as greasy, soapy, glassy, rough, ragged or smooth. • Graphite has a greasy texture.

  40. Cleavage or Fracture • The way minerals break. • Cleavage - When Minerals break along planes (layers) where bonding between atoms is weak. • A mineral that splits or breaks easily along smooth, flat surfaces is said to have cleavage. • Mica has perfect cleavage in one direction (plane). • Halite has cubic cleavage (3 planes).

  41. Three Examples of Perfect Cleavage – Fluorite, Halite & Calcite

  42. Cleavage of Minerals

  43. Cleavage

  44. Cleavage or Fracture • Minerals that break along rough, jagged or uneven edges and surfaces are said to have fracture. • conchoidal (shell-like), splintery, uneven, jagged or earthy Conchoidal Example : Quartz

  45. Don’t be confused between CrystalFaces (sides) and Cleavage Planes!- Both minerals in these pictures show Fracture (not cleavage) These are Quartz Crystals These are Quartz Crystals

  46. Special Properties • Specific gravity • Reaction to acid • Striations (lines) • Magnetism • Fluorescence • Refraction

  47. Uses of Minerals • Gems or Gemstones are highly prized minerals because they are rare and beautiful. • An Ore is a mineral that contains a useful substance that can be mined at a profit. Ore NameGives Us Hematite Iron Chalcopyrite Copper Bauxite Aluminum Sphalerite Zinc

  48. Uses of Minerals Gems: Valuable minerals prized for rarity and beauty. Ores: Minerals that can be mined at a profit.

  49. Uses of Minerals • http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/K12/uses/uses.html • http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go336/talkingt/

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