Co-Generation

1. Co-Generation Tri-Generation

2. Co-generation • Cogeneration is an attractive option for facilities with high electric rates and buildings that consume large amounts of hot water and electricity every month. The higher the electric rate; the greater the savings.

3. Last 3 years of Utility Costs at BHS

4. Tri-Generation • A tri-generation system produces electricity and utilizes the waste heat to produce heating in the winter. • With the addition of an absorption/bromine chiller this system will also provide cooling for the building.

5. PRE-ENGINEERED LAYOUTS 240 kW 300 kW 360 kW Site ~ 22’* x 23’ Service ~ 30’ x 28’ Site ~ 22’* x 29’ Service ~ 30’ x 34’ Site ~ 22’* x 29’ Service ~ 30’ x 34’ 22’ 22’ 22’ 23’ 29’ 29’ System Height = 15’6” • System = 28,550 lbs • System = 30,833 lbs • System = 32,566 lbs

6. Benefits • Environmentally friendly • Reduces fossil fuel consumption • Reduces dependency on electrical grid • Produces electricity while also providing heating or cooling as a by-product • Provides backup generation capabilities • Extends life of existing equipment • Saves Money $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

7. Environmental Benefits 570 Greenhouse Gas Reduction (lbm/MWh) 570 Ref: US DOE EIA (Electricity Generation & Environmental Externalities, 1995)

8. Avoided emissions

9. Low efficiency – Significant amount of energy is lost to the atmosphere as waste heat Waste heat 67% Coal 50% Oil 20% Natural gas 30% 33% Electricity 100% Source: Adapted from U.S. Combined Heat and Power Association Grid Power More pollution released Higher costs to Branford BOE

10. Risks • Energy costs decrease (Electricity) • Natural Gas rises/Oil prices fall • Equipment Failure (Maintenance and replacement costs are built into agreement and calculated into savings)

11. Energy Rates - Snapshots http://www.clpenergyinfo.com/stabilize/index.php http://www.wtrg.com/daily/heatingoilprice.html http://www.wtrg.com/daily/gasprice.html

12. Costs Associated • Purchase of Natural Gas • BOE would seek long term contract on Natural Gas • Initial Equipment Purchases • Equipment maintenance

14. Incentives • DPUC Grants/Rebates $500.00 per KW or approx $120,000 • Additional grants • Positive cash flow in first year • Increased cash flow in subsequent years • No-upfront costs • Environmental benefits • No gas distribution charges

15. Less pollution released High efficiency – More waste heat recovered and converted to usable energy Waste heat 20% Natural gas or 80% Electricity Hot water Chilled water 100% Source: Adapted from U.S. Combined Heat and Power Association Lower costs and assured power to the end user

17. Financial Model

18. Heating fuel Savings WIS • Walsh Intermediate HVAC replacement project 2003-2004 • Annual reduction of 60,000 gallons #2 Heating Fuel Oil • The 02-03 heating season used 98,034 gallons of fuel • 03-04, 38,454 gallons used • 04-05, 35,117 gallons used • 05-06, 29,733 gallons used • 06-07, 35,644 gallons used • Fuel Avoidance since project completion 253,188 Gallons or

19. WIS HVAC

20. WIS Electrical Costs despite annual inflation

22. Other conservation initiatives

23. CT Municipal Lighting Grants all buildings • 2004-2005 The BOE took advantage of the CT Municipal Lighting Grants to install energy efficient lighting in all of our buildings at no cost to the town of Branford. • As a result annually we are saving 406,849 Kwh or in today’s cost $72,826.00 annually.

24. EMS at MTM and MRT • Cost of Project is $43,000.00 per school • Completed Project November 17, 2006

25. Most Recent Energy Project • Installation of EMS (Energy Management System) at Murphy and Tisko Elementary Schools completed Fall 2006 • Involves building scheduling, outside air calibration to equipment operation, 365 day calendar scheduling, soft starts for equipment, internet and intranet monitoring of temperature and operational conditions in schools

26. MTM/MRT Energy Savings • 2005/2006 Fuel Use 36,251 gallons • 2006/2007 Fuel Use 17,869 gallons • Fuel Avoidance 18,382 Gallons • Cost Avoidance $35,185 in 06/07 dollars • Although the fiscal year for electricity is not complete we are on track to save 10-15% or approx 72,500 kwh or $12,000.00 • Simple Payback of less than two years

28. Summary • We have made strides in reducing our energy consumption and holding the line on our energy costs. • Next steps toward conservation are much more involved but necessary if we are to operate our schools in an environmentally friendly and economical manner. • We are seeking opportunities and assistance in continuing our conservation program