Industrial Revolution

1. Industrial Revolution Chapters 21 and 22 Bell Starter: Open your book to page 631. Answer the questions under “Analyzing Visuals”

2. Chapter 21.1 • Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? • How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles? • How did steam power the Industrial Revolution? • Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?

3. Vocabulary Activity • Using your book and your mind fill out the worksheet with all of the vocabulary words and people from Chapter 21 • In your own words, and in less than a sentence, write a phrase to help you remember the person or term

4. GB • 1st to industrialize • British colonies • Factories began to be located near coal mines • At the beginning of the IR water was the most important natural resource • Lack of a central gov. in Germany cause the IR to be delayed in G

5. Railroads • The expansion of the railroads put many manufactured products in reach of most working-class people • Passengers could send telegrams to friends and family from railroad stations • By the 1860s, a 30,000 mi. network of tracks linked the major cities of the US • The Trans-Siberian Railroad is the longest railroad in the world.

6. Economy • US Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton argued that industrialization would help the young US gain economic independence from GB

7. Inventions • Electricity drastically changed industry and daily life more than any other technological advance of the late 1800s • Who invented the 1st steam powered locomotive? • Richard Trevithick • John Kay’s invention of the “flying shuttle” led to many weavers losing their jobs

8. Chapter 21.2 • How was production organized before factories? • What were factories and factory towns like? • How did the factory system affect workers? • What was mass production, and what were its effects?

9. Section 2 Activity • With a partner you are to create a column chart and write short descriptions of production, labor and family life before and after industrialization. Use pages 641 and 642 to help you fill in the chart.

11. Factory life • Factories changed the nature of labor, as industry moved from home  factory • Mass production made putting together products and repairing machines much easier • British workers that joined unions or organized strikes were breaking the law • Factory system = Middle class grows • People in the MC now had time and $$ to spend on leisure

12. Manchester, England Open your book to page 642. You have already read the section titled “Life in Factory Towns”. • Using your chart and what you know, answer the following statement: • Name two problems caused by industrialization. • Industrialization hurt skilled craft workers by undercutting prices for their products • Sanitation • Pollution

13. Factory life • Who worked in the GB factories? • Why did factory owners hire children? • Open your books to page 652, in partners answer the 8 questions under “Reading like a Historian”

14. Chapter 21.3 • What new ideas about economics developed during the Industrial Revolution? • What competing economic ideas arose as a result? • How did the IR affect society?

15. Section 3 Activity • Using the information from Chapter 21.3, fill out the chart below:

16. Economic Views • Socialism- societal control of property and industry • Capitalism- increased wealth, fewer gov’t restrictions • Utopianism- poverty and social evils eliminated • Communism- workers control gov’t and economy • Laissez-faire:gov’t should allow free trade = prosperous economy • People who advocated social democracy wanted to move from capitalism to socialism by democratic means

17. Karl Marx • KM thought there should be a direct connection between one’s work and one’s pay • KM believed that communism was necessary as an intermediate state in the transition from capitalism to socialism • KM and Frederick Engels argued that capitalism would inevitably lead to poverty and a workers’ revolution

18. “Haves” bourgeoisie middle-class people who were the employers wealthy controlled the means of producing goods “Have-nots” proletariat working class poor performed the backbreaking labor under terrible conditions The Communist Manifesto: Human societies have always been divided into warring classes

19. Workers would overthrow the owners: “The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Workingmen of all countries, unite!”

20. Marx views on Capitalist System: • Capitalist system, which produced the IR, would eventually destroy itself: • factories would drive small artisans out of business --> small # of manufacturers to control wealth • large proletariat would revolt • workers would control the gov’tin a “dictatorship of the proletariat” • classless society develops

21. Lenin Mao Zedong Ho Chi Minh Fidel Castro China Vietnam Cuba Russia Influenced by Marx:

22. Chapter 22.1 • How did electric power affect industry and daily life? • What advances in transportation occurred during the Industrial Age? • What were the advances in communication and how were they achieved?

23. Inventions • The Model T was the first automobile that was made afforable for the average person • Telegraph: wires transmit a message • Journalism became a new career in the late 1880s because of + pop., +newspapers, and the telegraph • Besides personal communication, the telegraph was used to conduct business and pass news to far away places • Radio: uses air waves to transmit a message

24. Railroad • Bessemer Process-forcing air through molten metal to burn out carbon and other impurities that make metal brittle • Made steel stronger • Cheap and more efficient = Expanded the railroad system • Railroads = lower cost products and more choice

25. Chapter 22.2 • What were some of the new ideas in the sciences? • What medical breakthroughs affected the quality of life? • What new ideas developed within the social sciences?

26. Darwin • Physical anthropologist • Natural selection- creatures that are well adapted to their environments have a better chance of surviving to produce offspring • Creation ideas were controversial because it differed from the Church teachings

27. Louis Pasteur Sigmund Freud • Developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies • Discoveries helped Lister with ideas on antiseptic • Disproved that an atom is a solid piece of matter • Founder of psychoanalytic approach to psychology • Mental illness could be caused by repressed thoughts in the unconscious mind • Free association, dream interpretation Ernest Rutherford

28. Chapter 22.3 • How did cities grow and change in the late 1800s? • What developments affected education, leisure and the arts?

29. Daily Life • Skyscrapers= more living and working space in the cities • Romanticism- emphasizing intuition and feeling • Wordsworth: romantic spirit of poetry-“the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings form emotions recollected in tranquility” • Ibsen: wrote a play about the unfair treatment of women in the home • Public transportation = Growth of suburbs