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Tom Hartman, P.E. The Hartman Company Georgetown, Texas hartmanco

Making Building Controls Work:. Applying new technologies and practices to reduce HVAC energy costs and improve building comfort. Tom Hartman, P.E. The Hartman Company Georgetown, Texas www.hartmanco.com E-mail: tomh@hartmanco.com. ASHRAE Fort Worth, Texas Chapter October 19, 2011.

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Tom Hartman, P.E. The Hartman Company Georgetown, Texas hartmanco

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  1. Making Building Controls Work: Applying new technologies and practices to reduce HVAC energy costs and improve building comfort Tom Hartman, P.E. The Hartman Company Georgetown, Texas www.hartmanco.com E-mail: tomh@hartmanco.com ASHRAE Fort Worth, Texas Chapter October 19, 2011

  2. Presentation Agenda Part 1: Technical Challenges & Opportunities • State of Building Controls Today • New Control Technologies and Strategies Part 2: Process Issues • Procuring an Effective Control System • Instrumenting an Effective Building Control System • Steps in Implementing More Effective Controls Q&A/Discussion

  3. State of Building Controls Today • Greater interoperability today permits some integration • BUT multi-vendor systems are not recommended. • Expertise on Effective Building Control is Thin • Building Control Systems are not generally as well set up or supported as they could be. • Building Control Systems are not usually as effectively utilized as they could be. • Overall, Advancement of Digital Technologies for Building Control Generally Lags Behind the Advancement in Other Areas.

  4. State of Building Controls Today • Primary HVAC system control remains fundamentally a mechanical function. • The network capabilities of building control systems are largely unused for actual control. • As a result, building HVAC systems consume about twice as much energy as necessary • And, the excessive energy use also often contributes to comfort problems experienced in buildings.

  5. New Control Technologies & Strategies • 1. Network Based Control. • Relational Control / The Equal Marginal Performance Principle • 2. Occupancy Based Control • Condition Occupants, not the building • 3. Enhanced Operator Interface • Provide tools to allow Operators to be more effective

  6. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Network Based Control.

  7. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Network Based Control.

  8. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Network Based Control. Network Based Control improves system efficiency and comfort by replacing conventional stand alone control of HVAC equipment with a coordinated method of operation that provides the quantity and quality of HVAC resources needed to meet the current loads.

  9. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Occupancy Based Control

  10. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Occupancy Based Control

  11. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Occupancy Based Control

  12. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Occupancy Based Control

  13. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Occupancy Based Control Occupancy Based Control improves efficiency and comfort by providing conditioning for building occupants – instead of the building - whenever and wherever they are in the building.

  14. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Enhanced Operator Interface

  15. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Enhanced Operator Interface LOCAL A5 PERCENT LOCAL B5 PERCENT LOCAL CHLR_ADD ON LOCAL C5 PERCENT [SET CHILLER DEMAND (CHR_DMD)] DO_EVERY 1M IF CLG_PLNT ON_FOR 10M THEN START CHLR_ADD A5 = 0 C5 = LIMIT((90 - OAT) / 2 , 4 , 8 ) IF S1SAT > S1SAT_SP THEN A5 = (S1SAT - S1SAT_SP) ENDIF IF S2SAT > S2SAT_SP THEN A5 = A5 + (S2SAT - S2SAT_SP) ENDIF IF A5 > 1 THEN A5 = A5 / C5 IF S1CCV < 100 OR S2CCV < 100 THEN A5 = A5 / 4 ENDIF A5 = HSEL(A5 , 0.1 ) ELSE A5 = 0 ENDIF IF A5 = 0 THEN IF S1SAT < S1SAT_SP OR S1CCV < 100 THEN A5 = S1SAT - S1SAT_SP + (S1CCV - 100) / 70 ENDIF IF S2SAT < S2SAT_SP OR S2CCV < 100 THEN A5 = A5 + S2SAT - S2SAT_SP + (S2CCV - 100) / 70 ENDIF A5 = A5 / 2 ENDIF A5 = LSEL(A5 , 4 ) IF DEMAND_FACTOR > 0 THEN A5 = A5 - DEMAND_FACTOR / 100 ENDIF IF CHR_DMD < 10 THEN IF A5 < 0 THEN A5 = LSEL(A5 / 10 , -0.1 ) ELSE A5 = HSEL(A5 / 2.5 , 0.1 ) ENDIF ENDIF CHR_DMD = LIMIT(CHR_DMD + A5 , 5 , 100 ) ELSE R1CWTSP = 85 R2CWTSP = 85 IF CLG_PLNT OFF THEN CHR_DMD = 0 ELSE CHR_DMD = 5 ENDIF DO_EVERY 1M IF CLG_PLNT ON_FOR 10M THEN START CHLR_ADD A5 = 0 C5 = LIMIT((90 - OAT) / 2 , 4 , 8 ) IF S1SAT > S1SAT_SP THEN A5 = (S1SAT - S1SAT_SP) ENDIF IF S2SAT > S2SAT_SP THEN A5 = A5 + (S2SAT - S2SAT_SP) ENDIF IF A5 > 1 THEN A5 = A5 / C5 IF S1CCV < 100 OR S2CCV < 100 THEN A5 = A5 / 4 ENDIF A5 = HSEL(A5 , 0.1 ) ELSE A5 = 0 ENDIF IF A5 = 0 THEN IF S1SAT < S1SAT_SP OR S1CCV < 100 THEN A5 = S1SAT - S1SAT_SP + (S1CCV - 100) / 70 ENDIF IF S2SAT < S2SAT_SP OR S2CCV < 100 THEN A5 = A5 + S2SAT - S2SAT_SP + (S2CCV - 100) / 70 ENDIF A5 = A5 / 2 ENDIF A5 = LSEL(A5 , 4 ) IF DEMAND_FACTOR > 0 THEN A5 = A5 - DEMAND_FACTOR / 100 ENDIF IF CHR_DMD < 10 THEN IF A5 < 0 THEN A5 = LSEL(A5 / 10 , -0.1 ) ELSE A5 = HSEL(A5 / 2.5 , 0.1 ) ENDIF ENDIF CHR_DMD = LIMIT(CHR_DMD + A5 , 5 , 100 ) ELSE R1CWTSP = 85 R2CWTSP = 85 IF CLG_PLNT OFF THEN CHR_DMD = 0 ELSE CHR_DMD = 5 ENDIF STOP CHLR_ADD ENDIF [START CHILLER WHEN CLG_PLNT IS ON, SEQUENCE BASED ON CHR_DMD] IF CLG_PLNT ON THEN IF CHR_LEAD <= 1 THEN

  16. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Enhanced Operator Interface

  17. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Enhanced Operator Interface

  18. New Control Technologies & Strategies • Enhanced Operator Interface Enhanced Operator Interface is needed so that the operations staff can fully support and maintain systems that employ newer technologies and strategies aimed at achieving ultra-high energy and comfort performance.

  19. Process Issues • Procuring Building Control Systems • Take charge of system design and selection. • Configuring your Control System • It needs to verify as well as attain performance goals • Developing a Process to Deliver Performance • Initiate a process that assures the energy, comfort and other performance goals will be attained & maintained

  20. Procuring Building Control Systems • Plan with a Fresh Look at the following: • Determine the system can operate and be supported to maximize its effectiveness • The performance goals and what demands they place on the system • Interface requirements • The need for expansion and growth • Getting expert assistance

  21. Procuring Building Control Systems • Specify for Performance • Make your specification specific to your requirements • Don’t be shy about discussing objectives with manufacturers – in a disciplined format • Specify actual performance to critical elements of the system. • Assign costs and benefits to desired features

  22. Procuring Building Control Systems • Use Request for Proposal (RFP) Process • Cost to supply and install system • Unit Pricing for equipment and support • Long term support proposal • Require alternate Support path • Use Process to establish working relationship with the chosen control system supplier

  23. Configuring Control Systems • Place an emphasis on the network & zones to be sure: • Network has capacity for control • Every occupied zone is monitored at least for temperature • zone information is integrated into network control scheme for improved efficiency and comfort • emphasis is placed on performance measurement • fail-safe operation is ensured • well-integrated database storage & management features are incorporated • Be sure the configuration is adequate to meet current and future performance goals

  24. Develop a Process that Delivers Performance • Develop an ongoing process to continually improve system performance. • Start initially to capture savings from new strategies • Be sure performance is verified! • Then over time focus on improving efficiency for groups of HVAC subsystems • Central Plants • Air Systems • Occupancy Control • Associated systems (Lighting, etc.)

  25. LOOKING AHEAD • Network capabilities of Building Control Systems will continue to improve. • High speed networks down to individual work & patient areas will ease the implementation of occupancy based control. • Third parties will offer services to provide enhanced operator interfaces. • Making building controls work as effectively as possible will continue to become an economic necessity.

  26. SUMMARY • An effective building control system may today be the most important factor in significant improvements in energy efficiency & comfort. • To be successful requires a well coordinated effort to effectively implement newer technologies & strategies aimed at more effective building control and operation • Success also requires a well planned and managed ongoing process that incorporates effective planning and is focused on achievable performance goals.

  27. Making Building Controls Work Questions, Comments, Discussion Tom Hartman, P.E. The Hartman Company Georgetown, Texas www.hartmanco.com E-mail: tomh@hartmanco.com ASHRAE Fort Worth, Texas Chapter October 19, 2011

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