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Atoms and the periodic Table

In this chapter, we explore the fundamental building blocks of matter—atoms. Atoms are defined as the smallest units of an element that cannot be divided further, a concept rooted in Greek philosophy. We discuss John Dalton's 1808 atomic theory and the modern understanding of atomic structure. Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with protons carrying a positive charge and electrons a negative charge. Additionally, we introduce Bohr's model of atomic structure and examine the Periodic Table, which organizes elements according to atomic numbers and properties.

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Atoms and the periodic Table

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  1. Atoms and the periodic Table Chapter 4

  2. Atomic structure Atoms are: • The building blocks of molecules. • Definition-”unable to be divided”~Greek • Our conceptual model based on John Daltons 1808 theory.

  3. What is an atom? • Made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. • The center is called the nucleus. • We think that electrons move around the nucleus in a mini-cloud. • Protons (positive charge) • Neutron (neutral or no charge) • Electrons (negative charge)

  4. Bohrs model • Compares atoms to planets. • 1913 • Each planet would be a “layer” of electrons.

  5. Periodic Table • Groups similar elements together. • Atomic number=the number of protons. • Mass number=the number of protons+neutrons

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