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Chemical Families

This article provides an overview of various chemical families, focusing on the unique properties of different types of metals and non-metals. Alkali metals are characterized as extremely reactive, soft, shiny, and conductive, often explosive in contact with water. Alkali earth metals are less reactive, malleable, and used in vibrant fireworks. Transition metals are hard and conductive, while lanthanoids and actinoids present unique features like high reactivity and radioactivity, respectively. Non-metals and metalloids exhibit significant differences in conductivity and physical properties.

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Chemical Families

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  1. Chemical Families

  2. Alkali Metals metals • Extremely reactive • Soft • Shiny • Silver • Malleable • Ductile • Conduct heat and electricity easily • Can explode if exposed to water

  3. Alkali Earth Metals metals • Less reactive than the alkalis • Sometimes shiny, soft, but not as soft as alkalis, • Burn in bright colors, and often used in fireworks • Malleable • Ductile • Conduct heat and electricity

  4. Lanthanoids metals • Silvery-white • Soft • Very reactive • High melting and boiling points • Burn easily

  5. Actinoids metals • Radioactive • Very dense • Tarnish easily

  6. Transition Metals metals • Very hard • High melting and boiling points • Malleable • Conduct electricity easily

  7. Post Transition Metals metals • Lower melting points • Softer than other metals • Dense

  8. Metalloids • Semi-conductors (insulate and conduct electricity) • Properties of metals and non-metals

  9. Other Non-metals non-metals • Do not conduct electricity or heat well • Very brittle • Non-malleable • No lustre – do not reflect light • Includes one element on the left and six elements on the right of the periodic table

  10. Halogens non-metals • Very reactive • Form “salts” when they combine with other elements

  11. Noble Gases non-metals • Very stable • Exist as gases

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