Families

1. Families

2. Functions of Family • Meet basic needs • Prepare children to live in society by: • Example • Talking • Religion

3. Types of Families • Nuclear Family: Mother, father, at least 1 child • 2 parents can help in raising children • Single-Parent Families: mother or father, at least 1 child • Little free time for parent, financial burdens, no one to share work with

4. Cont’d • Blended families: single parent marries another person who may or may not have children • Extended families: includes relatives other than a parent or child who live with them

5. Entering a Family • Guardians- take care of all financial and legal responsibility • Adoption-legal process; children enter family not born into • Foster children-stay with a temporary family

6. Family Life Cycle • Page 64-65 of “The Developing Child” Book

7. Parenting Parenthood and Parenting

8. Parenthood • New responsibilities • Lifestyle changes • Emotional changes • Relationship changes • Changes at work

9. Emotions • Fear • Frustration • Financial • Depression • Jealousy

10. Unsound reasons for parenthood

11. Sound reasons for parenthood

12. The Tasks of Parenting • Meet the child’s basic needs • Nurture children • Guide children to show appropriate behavior

13. Parenting Styles • Authoritarian-children should obey parents without question • Democratic-children have more input into rules and limits • Permissive-children given a wide range of freedom

14. Activity • “Wanted: Perfect Parents” • Create a newspaper add that states what you think are the qualities and characteristics of perfect parents.

15. What is Parenting? • Caring for children and helping them develop, requires understanding a child’s needs and meeting them. • Demands good judgment in 3 ways: • Knowing when to help and when to back off • Avoid pushing children to try activities they are not ready for; don’t hold back • Adapt parenting skills at each stage of development

16. How to Build Parenting Skills • Books and magazines • Gaining experience • Asking for advice • Observing

17. Meeting Children’s Needs • Provide with food, clothing, shelter • Watch over safety and health • Begin teaching them language • Foster intellectual growth by taking an active role in their schooling • Teach them to get along with others • Provide opportunities for them to love and be loved

18. Nurturing • Giving a child opportunities for encouragement and enrichment, and showing love, support, and concern. • Deprivation-lack of an enriching environment

19. Communicating Positively • Use words the child understands; avoid talking down to the child • Be clear • Be positive and polite • Give praise and love • Limit directions to those that are essential • Talk about what is meaningful

20. Guiding Children’s Behavior • Punishment is part of guidance, and should only be used when necessary • Guidance means using firmness and understanding to help children learn to control their own behavior • Effective guidance leads to self-discipline

21. Self-discipline is important to emotional, social, and moral development • Children develop a conscience- an inner sense of what is right

22. Consistency • Consistency is key • 3 ways adults can guide children to behave appropriately: • Encourage appropriate behavior • Setting and enforcing limits • Dealing with inappropriate behavior in effective ways

23. Encouraging Appropriate Behavior • Set a good example • talking politely • Children need to be told what is expected of them in ways they can understand • Positive reinforcement • Be specific, notice as soon as possible, recognize small steps, help child take pride in his actions, tailor encouragement to the needs of the child • Offer choices and let them make decisions for themselves when more mature

24. What should limits be? • Questions to keep in mind when setting limits: • Does the limit allow the child to learn and grow? • Is the limit fair and appropriate for the child’s age? • Does the limit benefit the child, or is it merely for the adult’s convenience? • Limits should keep children from hurting themselves, other people, or property

25. Making limits clear • State limits briefly and clearly • Setting limits include 4 steps: • Show understanding of the child’s desires • Set the limit and explain it • Acknowledge the child’s feelings • Give alternatives

26. Dealing with inappropriate behavior • When responding to a child’s misbehaviors, ask yourself these questions: • Is the expected behavior appropriate, given the child’s development? • Does the child understand that the behavior is wrong? • Was the behavior done knowingly and deliberately, or was it beyond the child’s control?

27. Using punishment effectively • Punishment is negative reinforcement- a response aimed at discouraging a child from repeating a behavior • Make clear that the caregiver disapproves of the behavior • After a rule is broken, usually a warning is given. Punishment follows if rule is broken again.

28. Dealing with inappropriate behavior • Natural consequences • Loss of privelages • Giving time-out

29. Poor disciplinary measures • Bribing • Making children promise to behave • Shouting or yelling • Shaming or belittling • Threatening to withhold love

30. Handling Conflict • Use words • Speak calmly • Count to ten