~The Chinese Cultural Revolution~

1. ~The Chinese Cultural Revolution~ Created By: Maya Finoh, Jamie Read-Stewart, Tremayne Salim, and Kim Guthrie

2. The founder of the cultural revolution. Mao developed his theory of violent revolution. His theory was inspired by the Russian revolution. Mao sought to overthrow the alliance of imperialism and feudalism in China. Mao depended on Chinese peasants, because they made up the majority of the population. They later became staunch supporters of his theory of violent revolution. He concluded that violent revolution must be conducted by the working class under the supervision of a Communist party. Mao Zedong

3. Cultural Revolution: http://redscarfgirl.wikispaces.com/About+the+Cultural+Revolution Between 1966 and 1968, Mao instructed his principal lieutenants, youth called the Red Guards, to overthrow Mao's enemies and seize control of the state and party organization, replacing the Central Committee with the Cultural Revolution Committee, and local governments with revolutionary committees. Cultural revolution

4. The Beginning • It was launched by Mao Zedong, the Chairman of the Communist Party of China, on May 16, 1966, officially as a campaign to rid China of its "liberal bourgeoisie" elements and to continue revolutionary class struggle. • The political changes after the 1949 Communist takeover also resulted in sweeping social changes, particularly the labeling of much of the Upper class as “rightists” and "revisionists," "black elements" or "black gang elements". Their houses were confiscated, and any items that did not follow Mao's values were smashed. Hardly any family with a “black” record against the system could escape the turmoil.

5. Domination of China • For two years, until July 1968 (and in some places for much longer), student activists such as the Red Guards expanded their areas of authority. They began by passing out leaflets explaining their actions to develop and strengthen socialism, and posting the names of suspected "counter-revolutionaries" on bulletin boards. They assembled in large groups, held "great debates," and wrote educational plays. They held public meetings to criticize suspected "counter-revolutionaries." • One of the main focuses of the Cultural Revolution was the abolishment of the Four Olds: Old Customs, Old Culture, Old Habits, and Old Ideas. In February, 1967, Jiang Qing and Lin Biao, with permission from Mao, insisted that the "class struggles" be extended to the military. • In December 1968, Mao began the "Down to the Countryside Movement". During this movement, which lasted for the next decade, young intellectuals living in cities were ordered to go to the countryside. • In late 1973, a campaign was begun by Jiang Qing and several backers, including Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan , and Wang Hongwen (later dubbed as the Gang of Four): the "Criticize Lin Biao, Criticize Confucius" campaign.

6. downfall • On January 8, 1976 Zhou Enlai died of bladder cancer. People began mourning the death of Zhou Enlai. At the same time, people were also signaling their anger towards the Gang of Four. Gradually, more and more people began writing and posting messages of hatred against the Gang of Four. • On September 9, 1976, Mao Zedong died. Mao's image from the Cultural Revolution portrayed him as an ideal person who mingled among the general public. Before dying, Mao had written a message on a piece of paper stating "With you in charge, I'm at ease", to Hua Guofeng. Hence, Hua became the Party's Chairman. Before this event, Hua had been widely considered to be lacking in political skill and ambitions, and as posing no threat to the Gang of Four in the power succession. But under the influence of prominent generals, and with the support of the Army, Hua ordered the arrest of the Gang of Four following Mao's death. By October 10, the 8341 Special Regiment had all members of the Gang of Four arrested. Thus ended the Cultural Revolution.

7. The Price of the Revolution • In the chaos and violence that ensued, many revolutionary elders, authors, artists, and religious figures were purged and killed, millions of people were persecuted, thousands injured, and as many as 1.5 million people died.

8. Propaganda Posters This poster says," The sunlight of Mao Zedong Thought illuminates the road of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution” • Propaganda posters are the use of messages designed to influence public opinion. • Discussion Question: Do you think this poster is fact or opinion?

9. Ji-li’s first book, Red Scarf Girl fulfilled a long cherished wish to tell her story about what happened to her, her family, her neighborhood, and to her school during the 1960’s Cultural Revolution in China. Ji-li was a science teacher in Shanghai , China before she came to United States in 1984. She studied Travel Industry Management at University of Hawaii , and worked as a corporate operations analyst and budgeting director. In 1992, she co-founded East West Exchange , a company that promotes and facilitates cultural and business exchanges between China and western countries. Red Scarf Girl Link: http://redscarfgirl.wikispaces.com/Red+Scarf+Girl Jiang Ji-li

10. Red scarf girl blogs • Links- Evaluate Fact and Opinion: http://kellyemo.edublogs.org/china-unit/red-scarf-girl-webquest-blogs/red-scarf-girl-evaluate-fact-and-opinion/ Make Judgements and Decisions: http://kellyemo.edublogs.org/china-unit/red-scarf-girl-webquest-blogs/red-scarf-girl-make-judgments-and-decisions/ Understand Cause and Effect: http://kellyemo.edublogs.org/china-unit/red-scarf-girl-webquest-blogs/red-scarf-girl-understand-cause-and-effect/ Recognize Point of View: http://kellyemo.edublogs.org/china-unit/red-scarf-girl-webquest-blogs/red-scarf-girl-recognize-point-of-view/

11. Activities • Discussion Topics- 2 people will discuss a topic given. The person who class majority agrees with will get a treat! • Chinese Alphabet- Write your Name in Chinese! • Pop Quiz- Write on a sheet of paper: In your own words, What was the Cultural Revolution?