Reproduction

1. Reproduction Chapter 27

2. Reproduction • The creation of new individuals • Exchange genetic material • 2+ individuals • Meiosis & gametes required

3. Reproduction System • Reproductive organs • Reproductive tract • Accessory glands & organs

4. Reproductive Organs • Gonads • Testes & ovaries • Function • Produce sex cells- Gametes • Produce hormones

5. Gamete Production • Male • Testes • Spermatozoa (sperm) • ~100-300 million/ day • Production begins at puberty • Ends at death • Female • Ovaries • Oocyte (egg) • 1/ month • Production begins in embryo • Cell division arrested in meiosis • Division resumes at puberty • Ends at menopause

6. Male Gonads

7. Female Gonads

8. Spermatozoa

10. Oocyte

12. Produce Hormones • Males • Testosterone • Females • Estrogen & progesterone

13. Female Reproductive

14. Female Reproductive • Gonads • Paired ovaries • Accessory glands • Mammary • Greater vestibular • Paraurethral • Reproductive tract • Oviduct • Aka Uterine tubes • Aka Fallopian tubes

15. Ovaries • Gonads • Paired ovaries • Location • Walls of pelvic inlet • Lateral to uterus & posterior to fallopian tube • Function • Oogenesis- oocyte production • Begins in fetus • At birth 2 Million immature ova • Arrested at prophase I • Hormone production

18. Ovary Structure • Follicular cells • Oocyte surrounded by supportive cells • Primary Follicle • Immature ova surrounded by follicular cells • ~400,000 immature follicles • Immature follicles are stimulated to complete meiosis • Stimulated by pituitary hormone • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) • Ovulation • Release of 1 mature oocyte • Graafian follicle

19. Oogenesis

21. Mature Follicle

22. Oocyte Maturation http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/ovarianuterine.html

24. Ovulation

25. Hormone Production • Prior to ovulation • Follicular cells secrete estrogen • Following ovulation • Follicular cells continue to secrete estrogen & progesterone • Becomes hormone structure • Corpus luteum • “yellow body”

28. Oviduct • Oviduct extends from ovaries to uterus • Ovaries are not directly connected to tube • Function • Draw ovulated oocyte into tube • Transports egg to uterus • Cilia • Smooth muscle • Site of fertilization

29. Discontinuous Reproductive Tract Pelvic Inflammatory disease

31. Oocyte Transport • Rhythmic smooth muscle contraction help move oocyte • Ciliated epithelial cells “brush” oocytes down duct • Distance- ~4-5 inches • Travel time 3-4 days

32. Oviduct http://www.sdmiramar.edu/faculty/kpetti/Health101/Unit%203/ReproPics&Movies/Ovulation.mov

33. Oviduct Structure • 3 anatomical regions • Infundibulum • Ampulla • Isthmus

34. Infundibulum • “funnel” • Expanded region of tube closest to ovary • Surrounds ovary • Fimbrae • “fringe” finger-like extensions of infundibulum • Movements draw ovulated oocyte into tube

35. Infundibulum

36. Fimbriae

37. Ampulla • “flask” • Intermediate portion • Site of fertilization

38. Ampulla

39. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAgOk3-loUY&NR=1

40. Isthmus • “narrowing” • Terminal segment • Drains into uterus

42. Ectopic Pregnancy

43. Tubal Ligation

44. Uterus • Thick muscular chamber • Site of embryonic/ fetal development • Location- inferior pelvic cavity • Anterior to rectum • Posterior to bladder • Size 3” X 2”

46. Uterus Structure • Four regions: • Fundus • Corpus • Isthmus • Cervix

47. Fundus • Rounded region superior to entrance of oviduct

48. Corpus • Aka body • Medial tapering region between fundus & cervix • Site of embryonic/ fetal development

49. Isthmus • Narrowing inferior region of uterus

50. Cervix • Inferior portion projecting into vaginal canal (0.5 in)