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American Society in the 18th Century

American Society in the 18th Century. Influence of Geography Isolated by 3000 miles Isolated by wilderness Largely self-governing Violence Land cheap and labor scarce Abundance of food. 2. I. New England’s Freehold Society. Farm Families: Women in the Household Economy

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American Society in the 18th Century

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  1. American Society in the 18th Century • Influence of Geography • Isolated by 3000 miles • Isolated by wilderness • Largely self-governing • Violence • Land cheap and labor scarce • Abundance of food 2

  2. I. New England’s Freehold Society • Farm Families: Women in the Household Economy • Husband the Head of the Household • Wife as the “Helpmate” • Motherhood • Restrictions • Marriage

  3. I. New England’s Freehold Society C.Freehold Society in Crisis • Population Increase • Changes in Family Life • “Household Mode of Production” • D. Importance of Education • 1647 Massachusetts School Law • 1636 Harvard E. Halfway Covenant

  4. II. Toward a New Society: The Middle Colonies, 1720-1765 • Economic Growth and Social Inequality 1. Tenancy in New York 2. Conflict in Quaker Pennsylvania 3. Landlessness and Crime

  5. II. Toward a New Society: The Middle Colonies, 1720-1765 • Cultural Diversity 1. Middle Colonies Not a “Melting Pot” 2. The German Influx 3. Scots-Irish Settlers

  6. III. Imperial Slave Economy

  7. III. The Imperial Slave Economy • Slavery in the Chesapeake and South Carolina 1. Chesapeake 2. South Carolina • An African American Community Emerges 1. Building Community

  8. III. The Imperial Slave Economy • Resistance and Accommodation 1. White Violence 2. The Stono Rebellion 3. NYC Slave Revolt 1712 • William Byrd and the Rise of the Southern Gentry 1. White Identity and Inequality

  9. Theory of Mercantilism • Chief Features • Value of Colonies • England wants a market... • Colonies want... • Distractions 17

  10. IV. The Politics of Empire, 1660-1713 • From Mercantilism to Imperial Dominion 1. The Navigation Acts • numerous acts • 1696

  11. Enumerated Goods • Lumber • Tobacco • Rice • Indigo • Furs Trade To Englandfrom Colonies

  12. Manufactured Goods • Furniture • Clothing • Colonials hadnot factories. From England to Colonies

  13. Effects of Mercantilism • England: colony’s chief trading partner • non-enumerated goods flowed directly to foreign ports • Some industries flourish • British inefficiency • Colonial prosperity 22

  14. IV. The Politics of Empire, 1660-1713 2. The Dominion of New England

  15. IV. The Politics of Empire,1660-1713 • The Glorious Revolution in England and America 1. In England 2. Rebellions in America

  16. Rebellions in America (cont) • Maryland: economic and religious causes • New York: Leisler’s Rebellion • ethnic and class overtones 25

  17. III. The Imperial Slave Economy • The Northern Maritime Economy 1. The Urban Economy 2. Urban Society

  18. flour, lumber, fish, molasses, sugar, manufactures, bills of exchange

  19. V. The New Politics of Empire, 1713-1750 • Salutary Neglect 1. Sir Robert Walpole

  20. V. The New Politics of Empire, 1713-1750 • Similarities in government 1. Governors • Bicameral legislatures • Voters

  21. VI. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, 1720-1765 • The Enlightenment in America 1. The European Enlightenment 2. John Locke 3. Franklin’s Contributions

  22. VI. Religion in the 18th Century • Anglican Church • State-supported • Congregational Church • Decline of Puritan religion in 18th century 30

  23. VI. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, 1720-1765 B. American Pietism and the Great Awakening 1. Pietism 2. Jonathan Edwards’s Calvinism 3. Whitefield’s Great Awakening (1730s-40s)

  24. VI. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, 1720-1765 • Religious Upheaval in the North 1. Old Lights and New Lights

  25. VI. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, 1720-1765 • Social and Religious Conflict in the South 1. The Presbyterian Revival 2. The Baptist Insurgency

  26. Effects of the GA • Challenges older clergy • new Christian denominations • Increase missionary work to NA and slaves • New schools • 1st spontaneous movement of American ppl 35

  27. Religion and Science as Partners • The Enlightenment and Great Awakening combine toEMPOWER citizens. If people can control theirsalvation, and can control their lives througheducation, then they can, and should, control theirpolitics. Following the arbitrary rules of a king doesnot follow reason. People should be able to controltheir government. All people, not just an aristocracyshould have a say in the government- this is a naturalright. • All of these issues, created by the ENLIGHTENMENTand GREAT AWAKENING, helped create thefoundation for the American Revolution.

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