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NAEEC Protocol for Energy-Efficient Communication in Heterogeneous WSN

This multimedia networking lab project presents the NAEEC protocol, which aims to optimize energy consumption in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. It includes an overview, system model, simulation results, and future work.

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NAEEC Protocol for Energy-Efficient Communication in Heterogeneous WSN

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  1. Multimedia & Networking Lab By : Manoj K. Garg Network Aware Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol (NAEEC) for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Advisor : Dr. Balakrishnan Prabhakaran A Clustering Protocol

  2. Overview • Introduction • Problem Statement • Related Work • System Model • Propose NAEEC Protocol • Simulation Results • Our Contribution • Future Work Multimedia & Networking Lab

  3. Homogeneous Vs Heterogeneous WSN • Wireless sensor networks (WSN) • Large number of distributed sensor • Nodes works in cooperation • Application: Surveillance, machine failure diagnosis, and chemical/ biological detection • Homogeneous sensor networks • Sensor nodes with identical characteristics • Most common characteristics: Power, Processing, Storage and Radio capabilities • Heterogeneous sensor networks • Sensor nodes with different level of common characteristics Multimedia & Networking Lab

  4. Motivation • Applications for Heterogeneous WSN • Re-energization of sensor networks • Practical constraints such as Cost • Different energy or resources consumption • Sensor nodes are energy critical • Small battery size • Embedded batteries, difficult recharging or changing procedures • Wireless transmission costlier than local computation Multimedia & Networking Lab

  5. Internet & Satellite Sink Task Manager Node Sensor Nodes Sensor Field Network Architecture Multimedia & Networking Lab

  6. Problem Statement • Direct transmission • Nodes that are far away from the sink would die first • Muti-hop transmission • Nodes near the sink acts as relay with very high probability • Nodes near to the sink die first • TDMA technique • Transmission is random • Large number of sensor nodes • The clustering schemes • Homogeneous clustering scheme doe snot result an optimize solution We need to design an new clustering protocol with the MAC layer support to save the sensor’s energy in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks Multimedia & Networking Lab

  7. Related Work – LEACH • LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive clustering Hierarchy) • A clustering protocol for homogeneous/heterogeneous SN • A probabilistic method • Based on residual energy relative to the current system energy • Advantage • Distribute the cluster-head load • Avoid the need for global network knowledge. • Disadvantage • Doesn't guarantee that high energy/resources nodes always be chosen as cluster-head • Doesn’t control the number and even placement of cluster-heads Multimedia & Networking Lab

  8. Related Work – SEP, DEEC, SWEET • SEP , DEEC , SWEET • Variation of LEACH • Work effectively for heterogeneous networks • None of them targets the efficient cluster-head placement problem of LEACH • Do not reduce the initial high energy requirement and the number of dead nodes formed over time Multimedia & Networking Lab

  9. Related Work – other algorithms • Based on two types of sensor nodes type-I and type-II. • Type-II sensor nodes • More powerful . • Fewer in number . • Called overlay sensors. • Type-I sensor nodes • Normal sensor nodes. • Report to the overlay nodes. • The system model • Assumes pre-estimated fraction, and position of overlay sensor nodes. • No applicable when node heterogeneity is a result of the operation of the sensor network and not a choice of optimal network setting. Multimedia & Networking Lab

  10. System Model • Large number of small-sized nodes. • Fraction of nodes (α) are equipped with the additional energy . • The nodes are uniquely numbered, randomly distributed and not mobile. • Nodes can control their transmission power levels and have the capability to directly reach the sink. • Sink is not energy-limited and is located at the center of sensor networks. • The coordinates of the sink is known to every node in the network. Multimedia & Networking Lab

  11. System Model • The energy consumption model can be given by equation To transmit M bits across a distance d Energy (M, d) = Et x M+ Etckt x M x d2 To receive a message from a distance d Energyrcvd = Etckt x M Et : Transmission energy. Etckt : Energy to run transceiver circuit Multimedia & Networking Lab

  12. NAEEC - Introduction • Network operates in rounds. • Length application specific • Distribute the node role, and further the cluster-head role • Reflect the network changes on the protocol execution • Executed in the beginning of a round to build the initial intelligent infrastructure. • Consist of phases namely setup phase, configuration phase and execution phase. • Each phase consists of a number of sub-phases • Fixed length • Number of sub-phases depends on the termination condition achieved in a phase. Multimedia & Networking Lab

  13. Time Line of NAEEC Protocol Round Time 3-Phases Setup Phase Configuration Execution STA CTA ETA Time Line of NAEEC Protocol Multimedia & Networking Lab

  14. Types of messages • Introduction message • Energy Level (EL) value • Node Id • Reply message • Node Id • Beacon message • Time slot information Multimedia & Networking Lab

  15. NAEEC - Setup Phase • Use threshold value to divide the nodes into • Candidate cluster-head • Non-cluster head • Candidate cluster-head: • Broadcast introduction message. • Receive introduction message from other nodes. • Non cluster-head: • Receive introduction message • Node stores EL value. • Look for the node with highest EL value. Multimedia & Networking Lab

  16. NAEEC - Setup Phase continue… • At End of Setup Phase: • Division of Candidate cluster-head nodes • Cluster Heads (A): Sensor nodes directly communicating with the sink or base station. • Cluster Heads (B): Sensor nodes communicate with level (A) Cluster Heads. • Each node knows its next hop communicating node. Multimedia & Networking Lab

  17. NAEEC - Configuration Phase • Cluster Heads (A): • Receives the reply messages. • Cluster Heads (B): • Send the reply message. • Receives the reply messages. • Non Cluster Heads: • Send the reply message. • At the end of Configuration phase • Cluster-head knows the size of the cluster head, and its cluster members. Multimedia & Networking Lab

  18. NAEEC - Execution Phase • Cluster Heads (A): • Broadcast the beacon messages. • Cluster Heads (B): • Listen to receive the beacon messages. • Broadcast the beacon messages. • Non Cluster Heads: • Listen to receive the beacon messages. • At the end of Configuration phase • Every cluster-head and non-cluster head node knows its contention free time slot. Multimedia & Networking Lab

  19. Simulation Setup • N = 300 to 800. • Area of A = 400 meter square. • Etckt = 50nJ/bit • Et = 100pJ/byte • Message size, M =400 bytes • Communication range is 30 meters • Threshold energy is 6J Multimedia & Networking Lab

  20. Simulation Results • Energy Requirement (E) Vs Field Area (A). Multimedia & Networking Lab

  21. Simulation - Continue • Energy Requirement (E) Vs Number of Sensor Nodes (N). Multimedia & Networking Lab

  22. Simulation -Continue • Number of Dead Node Formed in a Round. Multimedia & Networking Lab

  23. Conclusion • Proposed an energy-efficient deterministic distributed clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. • Unlike LEACH and other heterogeneous clustering protocols, NAEEC provides: • Efficient distribution of cluster-heads • Reduce the energy requirement • Number of dead nodes formed over time. Multimedia & Networking Lab

  24. Our Contribution • A distributed deterministic clustering protocol that • Evaluates and compares the node characteristics with its neighbors to decide its role in the network. • Always makes sure that the high energy nodes are chosen as cluster-heads . • Provide efficient distribution of sensor nodes. • Reduces the number of dead nodes formed over time. Multimedia & Networking Lab

  25. Future Work • Designing of the MAC layer • We are working on the MAC layer design that support the execution of the NAEEC protocol. Multimedia & Networking Lab

  26. Appendix Multimedia & Networking Lab

  27. Start IS EL > TH ? No IS EE or OO ? Listen Channel IS RTS/CTS ? Try for RTS-CTS Listen Channel Broadcast IM Yes No No No + Sub-Phase Ends Yes Yes Listen Channel Multimedia & Networking Lab

  28. Is CH- A ? Start No + Sub-Phase Ends IS EE or OO ? IS RTS/CTS ? Try Again RTS-CTS Is CH- B ? No Send Reply Yes Yes No Yes Listen Channel No No IS EE or OO ? Yes No Listen Channel No + Sub-Phase Ends Yes IS RTS/CTS ? No Try Again RTS-CTS Yes Listen Channel Send Reply

  29. Start Listen Channel No + Sub-Phase Ends No IS EE or OO ? IS RTS/CTS ? Try Again RTS-CTS No Is CH- A ? Is CH- B ? Yes No Yes Broadcast BM IS EE or OO ? No No Yes Yes Listen Channel Wait No + Sub-Phase Ends Yes IS RTS/CTS ? No Try Again RTS-CTS Yes Broadcast BM

  30. Thank you!! Questions Multimedia & Networking Lab

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