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Chapter 18 Section 1 Interactions of Living Things

Chapter 18 Section 1 Interactions of Living Things. Pages 532-537 Section 1. Bell Ringer. Describe Abiotic and Biotic factors in your journal. The Environment. Ecology Study of the interactions among organisms and their environment. Ecologists

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Chapter 18 Section 1 Interactions of Living Things

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  1. Chapter 18Section 1Interactions of Living Things Pages 532-537 Section 1

  2. Bell Ringer • Describe Abiotic and Biotic factors in your journal.

  3. The Environment • Ecology • Study of the interactions among organisms and their environment. Ecologists • Scientists who study environmental relationships • Organize the environmental factors that influence organisms into 2 groups • ABIOTIC • BIOTIC

  4. Comparing Abiotic and Biotic Factors • Abiotic • Non-living parts of the environment Examples: • Water • Light & Temperature • Air • Soil

  5. Comparing Abiotic and Biotic Factors • Biotic Factors • Living or once-living organisms in the environment Examples: • Levels or organization • Population • Communities • Ecosystems • Biomes • The Biosphere

  6. Video Time • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNfmew9C508

  7. Bell Ringer • Describe the “biome” in which we live. • Must answer with at least 5 sentences. Be in depth and cover what is observed in this area.

  8. Abiotic Factors 5 Factors: • Water • Light • Temperature • Air • Soil

  9. Abiotic Factors • Water • All organisms need water to survive • Organisms are made of 50%-95% water • Respiration, photosynthesis, digestion, and other important life process can only occur with presence of water • 95% of Earth’s surface water is found in oceans

  10. Examples of Water Cumberland River & Lake Cumberland Pacific Ocean-Kauai, Hawaii Dale Hollow Lake Bayou-Gueydan, LA

  11. Abiotic Factors 2. Light • Availability of sun light is a major factor in determining where green plants and other photosynthetic organisms live • Energy from Sun is changed into chemical energy • Algae-lives near water surface • Dense forest have very little photosynthetic plants, why?

  12. Plant Examples The Garden of Eden-Kauai North Shore-Kauai Kipu Ranch-Kauai -conifers

  13. Abiotic Factors • Temperature • Regional temperature also determines which plants and animals can live there • Some areas of the world have fairly consistent temperature year round • Other areas have season during which temperatures vary • Arctic, Desert, Mid-Atlantic, Tropical, Arid, and Mild

  14. Temperature Variations Rain Forest-Brazil Mojave Desert-CA Arctic Plain-Antarctica Appalachian Mts-TN Tropical Island-FL Keys Great Plains-Kansas

  15. Abiotic Factors • Air • Composed of a mixture of gases including Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide. • Plants & Animals depend on the gases in air for respirations (breathe) • All species are affected by weather • Weather- 8km to 16 km (from surface) • Ozone Layer-20km to 50km (from surface) Few organisms live at extreme air pressures

  16. Abiotic Factors • Soil • Varies greatly from one environment to another • Soil Type-determined by amount of Sand, Silt, and Clay it contains • Various soils contains different amounts of nutrients, minerals, and moisture Soil affects every organism in an environment!

  17. Soil Top Soil-rich in nutrients and moisture (plant crops) Red Clay-sub soil-very acidic (use as filler dirt) Bed Rock-mostly limestone/sandstone (paving stone)

  18. Biotic Factors • Abiotic Factors do not provide everything an organism needs for survival • Organisms depend on other organisms for: • Food • Shelter • Protection • Reproduction

  19. Biotic Factors Biotic Factors Include: • Bacteria • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animals

  20. Levels of Organization • Organism: one individual from a population Mallard Drake “GreenHead”

  21. Levels of Organization • Population: all of the individual of one species that live in the same area at the same time.

  22. Levels of Organization • Community: the populations of different species that interact in some way

  23. Levels of Organization • Ecosystem: all of the communities in an area and the abiotic factors they interact with

  24. Levels of Organization • Biome: large region with plants and animals well adapted to the soil and climate of the region

  25. Levels of Organization 6. Biosphere: The level of biological organization that is made up of all the ecosystems on Earth

  26. Biosphere • Where Earth’s organisms live • Can be found • 11,000 m deep in the ocean • 9,000 m high on the mountains • 4.5 km high in atmosphere Includes top part of Earth’s crust, all the waters that covers the Earth’s surface, the surrounding atmosphere, and all biomes! Extremophiles

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