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Understanding the Role and Structure of Congressional Committees in the U.S. Legislative Process

Congressional committees play a crucial role in the legislative process, as they are where much of the work of Congress is conducted. They are primarily divided into standing committees, which focus on specific areas of policy, and special/select committees, established for specific investigations. Each committee is chaired by a member of the majority party, who holds significant control over the legislative agenda. This structure ensures that proposed bills are thoroughly considered, debated, and refined before reaching the full House or Senate for a vote.

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Understanding the Role and Structure of Congressional Committees in the U.S. Legislative Process

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  1. Congress - Committees

  2. Congress - Committees “Congress in its Committee rooms is Congress at work” -Woodrow Wilson

  3. Congress – CommitteeControl • Majority Party controls the Chair • Chair controls the bills • Senior Minority member is the “Ranking member” • Seniority dictates leadership

  4. Congress - Committees Standing Committee - A permanent committee in Congress to which all similar bills are sent for consideration, discussion, and debate.

  5. Congress - Committees • 20 Standing Committees in the House. • 17 Standing Committees in the Senate

  6. Congress - Committees Rep. Mike Turner: Armed Services

  7. Congress - Committees Rep. Mike Turner: Oversight and Government Reform

  8. Congress - Committees • House Standing Committees 1. Rules Committee

  9. Congress - Committees • House Standing Committees: 1. Rules Committee 2. Ways and Means

  10. Congress - Committees • House Standing Committees 1. Rules Committee 2. Ways and Means 3. Appropriations

  11. Congress - Committees • House Standing Committees: 1. Rules Committee 2. Ways and Means 3. Appropriations 4. Armed Services

  12. Congress - Committees • House Standing Committees: 1. Rules Committee 2. Ways and Means 3. Appropriations 4. Armed Services 5. Judiciary

  13. Congress - Committees • House Standing Committees: 1. Rules Committee 2. Ways and Means 3. Appropriations 4. Armed Services 5. Judiciary 6. Foreign Affiars

  14. Congress - Committees • House Standing Committees: 1. Rules Committee 2. Ways and Means 3. Appropriations 4. Armed Services 5. Judiciary 6. Foreign Affairs 7. Agriculture

  15. Taiwanese Parliament • Taiwanese Parliament

  16. Congress - Committees • Senate Standing Committees: 1. Foreign Relations

  17. Congress - Committees Senate Standing Committees: 1. Foreign Relations 2. Appropriations

  18. Congress - Committees • Senate Standing Committees: 1. Foreign Relations 2. Appropriations 3. Finance

  19. Congress - Committees Senate Standing Committees: 1. Foreign Relations 2. Appropriations 3. Finance 4. Judiciary

  20. Congress - Committees • Senate Standing Committees: 1. Foreign Relations 2. Appropriations 3. Finance 4. Judiciary 5. Armed Service

  21. Congress - Committees • Senate Standing Committees: 1. Foreign Relations 2. Appropriations 3. Finance 4. Judiciary 5. Armed Service 6. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs

  22. Congress - Committees Senator Sherrod Brown: • Finance

  23. Congress - Committees Senator Sherrod Brown: • Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry • Commodities, Markets, Trade • Chair - Jobs, Rural Economic Growth • Nutrition Specialty crops and Research

  24. Congress - Committees Senator Sherrod Brown: • Banking, Housing & Urban Affairs • Chair - Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection • Housing, Transportation & Community Development • Securitiesand International Trade

  25. Congress - Committees Senator Sherrod Brown: • Veteran’s Affairs • Select committee on Ethics

  26. Congress - Committees Senator Rob Portman: • Budget Committee

  27. Congress - Committees Senator Rob Portman: • Finance Committee

  28. Congress - Committees Senator Rob Portman: • Energy and Natural Resources Committee • Energy • National Parks

  29. Congress - Committees Senator Rob Portman: • Homeland Security and Government Affairs • Financial Management, Services And International Security

  30. Select/Special Committees A Select/Special Committee A committee set up for a limited time to investigate a particular matter.

  31. Special/Select Committees • Aging – Special • Ethics – Select • Indian Affairs • Intelligence - Select

  32. Iran Contra Hearings

  33. 9-11 Committee

  34. Congress - Committees Joint Committee A committee composed of members of both houses.

  35. Joint Committees • Joint Committee on the Library • Joint Committee on Printing • Joint Committee on Taxation • Joint Economic Committee

  36. Congress - Committees Conference Committee Meets when the House and the Senate will not agree on a bill.

  37. Senate House Conference Committees

  38. Committee Actions • Consider and report favorably • Amend it • Rewrite it – Clean Bill • Reject it • Table it • Report unfavorably • Refuse to consider it

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