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The French Revolution "Conservative" Phase: 1795-1799

The French Revolution "Conservative" Phase: 1795-1799. By: Susan M. Pojer & Ms. Gregory. Revolt of Prairial, Year III (May 20, 1795). Constitution of the Year III (1795). Conservative, monarchist victory. Elections are nullified. Martial law is imposed.

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The French Revolution "Conservative" Phase: 1795-1799

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  1. The French Revolution "Conservative" Phase: 1795-1799 By: Susan M. Pojer& Ms. Gregory

  2. Revolt of Prairial, Year III(May 20, 1795)

  3. Constitution of the Year III (1795) • Conservative, monarchist victory. • Elections are nullified. • Martial law is imposed. • Creates the Directory and institutionalized the Thermidorian Reaction. • 5-man executive committee or oligarchy. [avoid a dictatorship] • An Assembly would be elected by limited suffrage. • But, moderates found it difficult to mediate between die-hard royalists and radical Jacobins.

  4. Characteristics of the Directory • The Paris Commune was outlawed. • The Law of 22 Prairial was revoked. • People involved in the original Terror were now attacked “White” Terror • Inflation continues. • Rule by rich bourgeois liberals. • Self-indulgence  frivolous culture;salons return; wild fashions. • Political corruption. • Revival of Catholicism.

  5. Political Instability: 1795-1796 • April, 1795  Inflation; bread riots. • October, 1795  Revolt of the right. • Vendée and Brittany revolted. • Military suppressed them. • May, 1796  First “communist” revolt • Gracchus Babeufand the Conspiracy of Equals”

  6. 18 Brumaire (Nov. 9, 1799) • Coup d’état by Napoleon. • Approved by a plebiscite in December. • Abbe Sieyes: Confidence from below; authority from above.

  7. A British Cartoon about Napoleon’s Coup in 1799

  8. Read More About the Revolution

  9. Bibliographic Resources • “Hist210—Europe in the Age of Revolutions.”http://www.ucl.ac.uk/history/courses/europe1/chron/rch5.htm • “Liberty, Fraternity, Equality: Exploring the French Revolution.”http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/ • Matthews, Andrew. Revolution and Reaction: Europe, 1789-1849. CambridgeUniversity Press, 2001. • “The Napoleonic Guide.” http://www.napoleonguide.com/index.htm

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