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Understanding Acids, Bases, and the pH Scale: Properties and Applications

Acids and bases are essential concepts in chemistry, classified by their pH levels. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, measuring acidity or basicity. Acids, with pH 0-6.9, have hydrogen ions (H+) and exhibit sour taste, react with metals, and turn indicators red. Examples include lemon juice and milk. Bases, with pH 7.1-14, contain hydroxide ions (OH-) and are bitter, slippery, and turn indicators blue, like bleach and antacids. Neutral substances have a pH of 7, while buffers help neutralize strong acids or bases, producing salts in the process.

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Understanding Acids, Bases, and the pH Scale: Properties and Applications

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  1. Ch. 8 Acids, Bases, and pH

  2. pH Scale • Used to measure how acidic or basic a substance is • Ranges from 0-14

  3. Acids • Have H+ (hydrion) ions • pH: 0-6.9 • Properties • Sour taste • React with metals • Turn indicator RED • Ex: lemon juice, milk

  4. Bases • Have OH- (hydroxide) ions • pH: 7.1-14 • Properties • Bitter taste • Have a slippery feel (like when you get bleach or cleaners on your hands) • Turns indicator BLUE • Ex: bleach, antacid

  5. Neutral • pH: 7 • Ex: PURE water (tap water, bottled water, etc. are not PURE because there are minerals added to them)

  6. pH Scale

  7. Buffers • A weak base or acid used to NEUTRALIZE a strong acid or base • Weak base neutralizes a strong acid • Weak acid neutralizes a strong base • Salts are produced when neutralization occurs • Ex: HCl + NaOHNaCl + H2O • Ex: using an antacid for heartburn • Heartburn – caused by stomach acid (STRONG ACID) entering the esophagus • Antacid – products like Tums and Rolaids (WEAK BASE)

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