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Acids, Bases, and pH

This laboratory activity aims to provide hands-on experience in determining the pH levels of various substances using litmus and pH paper. Participants will learn the fundamental properties of acids and bases, including their behavior and reactions with indicators. The procedure involves using forceps to dip red and blue litmus paper into assigned substances to observe color changes, as well as utilizing pH paper to measure acidity and alkalinity. Safety precautions must be followed closely to ensure a secure and effective learning experience.

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Acids, Bases, and pH

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  1. Acids, Bases, and pH

  2. Acids • Release H+ ions – so are called proton donors • Contain H as the first element in the formula • Taste sour • Conduct electricity • Corrosive – will steadily eat away at a substance • Causes changes in an indicator

  3. Bases • Releases hydroxyl (OH)- ions – proton acceptor • Contains (OH)- as the last set of elements • Bitter taste, slippery feel • Conducts electricity • Corrosive • Causes changes in an indicator

  4. Indicators • Changes color in the presence of certain substances • Examples • pH paper • Litmus paper (red or blue) • Phenolphthalein

  5. Litmus • In an acid, litmus paper will appear pink, in a base, it will appear blue

  6. pH Paper • Has a variety of colors indicating specific pH ranges for the material. From dark red for acids to dark blue for bases.

  7. Acid or Base Strength • The more likely a compound is to release H+ or (OH)- ions, the stronger it is. • Even if a very strong acid or base (HCl or NaOH) is diluted with water, so it becomes less dangerous, it is still a strong substance.

  8. Concentration • The word concentration is a bit like the word crowded. Low concentration High concentration

  9. Dilute vs Concentrate Concentrate Low concentration High concentration Dilute

  10. pH Scale • Measures concentration of H+ ions. • pH<7 - acidic • pH>7 - basic • pH = 7 - neutral

  11. Title, Purpose, Materials, and Safety Title – Acid activity Purpose – To gain experience determining the pH of various substances using litmus paper and pH paper. Materials – ph Paper, Litmus Paper, forceps Safety – 1. Do NOT touch substances in beakers 2. You must wear goggles

  12. Procedure • Gather Materials • You will be assigned to one station, using the forceps, dip a piece of red litmus paper into the substance at that station. Record color. • Repeat with blue litmus. • Switch stations when told. • One of the stations will involve pH paper, make sure you do not use the litmus paper at that station.

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