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Asian Independence

This overview explores the path to independence for India and Pakistan following World War II, highlighting key historical events and figures such as Mohandas K. Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and the impact of British colonialism. It discusses India's ancient civilizations, religious diversity, and the fight for independence led by the Indian National Congress. Additionally, it examines the complex contemporary issues both nations face, including overpopulation, political conflict, and religious tensions, while considering the legacies of their founding leaders.

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Asian Independence

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  1. Asian Independence Post World War II

  2. India

  3. Indian History • India is one of the 4 oldest civilizations in history. • Home of Hinduism & Buddhism • Belief in Reincarnation • Hindu Caste System: reward or punishment for previous life • Untouchables—people without caste

  4. Muslim Conquest of India • Introduced Islam to India • Shah Jahan Build TajMahal • Hindu population were sometimes discriminated against • Sikhs combined religious ideas from Hinduism and Islam

  5. British Imperial India • 1750’s British East India Trading Company • 1857 Sepoy Mutiny • 1886 Indian National Congress began fight for Indian Independence

  6. Mohandas K. Gandhi • 1869-1948 • 1893-1915 fought passport system in South Africa • 1930 Salt March • 1947 India became independent “Live simply so that others can simply live.”

  7. India & Pakistan

  8. Nehru Jinnah • Prime Minister 1947-1964 • Modernized India • Equality for women & untouchables • Died 1 year after Pakistan became independent

  9. Problems facing modern india • Overpopulation: Birth Control • Green Revolution tripled food production • Religious conflict: Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs • Political Assassination

  10. Bangladesh • East Pakistan not treated equal • 1971 independent from Pakistan • Modern secularism • Monsoon Flooding

  11. Problems facing Pakistan • Benazir Bhutto elected 1988, assassinated 2007 • Growing threat of Islamic extremists including Taliban & Al Qaeda • Pakistan Nuclear Weapons Program

  12. Swat Valley

  13. .

  14. .

  15. Myanmar • Military dictatorship • Aung San SuuKyi • Non-violent civil disobedience • Won Noble Peace Prize • Under house arrest for last 14 years

  16. China .

  17. Road to Revolution • 1911 Dr. Sun Yat-sen overthrew Emperor • Civil War between Fascist Jiang Kai-shek • & Communist Mao Zedong

  18. Communist Revolution • 1949 • Mao Zedong Communist dictator of China • Government ownership of all farms & businesses

  19. Cultural Revolution • Teenage Red Guard used to attack anyone resisting change • Civil Unrest

  20. China abandoned Communism • Deng Xiaoping adopts Capitalism • Communist Party still controlled Government • 1989: Tiananmen Square student protest

  21. Arab Israeli Conflict

  22. Israel, 1949

  23. Palestinian Refugees

  24. Suez Crisis - 1956 • Nasser began modern Islamic & Arab Nationalism Gamal Abdul NasserPresident of Egypt

  25. Six-Day War (1967) • Israel gained • West Bank (Jordan) • Golan Heights (Syria) • Sinai (Egypt)

  26. Palestine Liberation Organization • YassirArafat fought for a nation for Palestinians within the nation of Israel

  27. Camp David Accords (1979) • Peace between Israel & Egypt President President Prime MinisterAnwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin of Egypt of the U. S. Of Israel

  28. Palestinian Intifada (1987-1993) • Uprising within Israel

  29. Can the Palestinians & Israelis live in peace?

  30. Group Instructions • Take turns reading the timeline aloud. • Mark each date as –P (Palestinians are to blame) or –I (Israelis are to blame); or B for both or N for neither. • Decide who you think is most to blame in the conflict—the Arabs or Israelis. • List the factual details that support your choice.

  31. IRAN .

  32. Shah of Iran (r. 1941 – 1977) • Institutes Western reforms. • Majority of his people live in poverty. • Brutal suppression of dissidents Q5

  33. Ayatollah Khomeini Led Revolution

  34. Iranian Hostage Crisis • 1979-1981 • American Embassy held hostage

  35. 52 Americans Held Hostage for 444 Days!

  36. Afghanistan

  37. Taliban • Islamic Fundamentalist Group • Gave refuge to Osama Bin Laden & al Qaeda in 2001 • Mistreat women

  38. Terms • Sharpeville Massacre: in 1960, police gunned down 69 peaceful protesters in a black township; beginning of violence in South Africa • Soweto: site of 1980’s student protest movement in South Africa

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