JOINT TASK FORCE TRAINING

1. JOINT TASK FORCE TRAINING Form the Joint Task Force

2. Purpose • Familiarization with the fundamentals of establishing a Joint Task Force • Two Tiered Command and Control • JTF Design • JTF Staff Structure

3. References • JP 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces, 24 Feb 95 • JP 3-0, Doctrine for Joint Operations, 1 Feb 95 • JP 3-56 Command and Control Doctrine for Joint Ops, Draft, Apr 97 • JP 5-00.2 Joint Task Force Planning Guidance and Procedures, 13 Jan 99 • USCP Emergency Action Plan (Volume V) Sep 98 • USCINCPACINST 3020.11B Organization and Administration of USCINCPAC Deployable Joint Task Force Augmentation Cell (DJTFAC), 10 Sep 97

4. Joint Forces Joint Forces are composed of significant elements assigned or attached, of two or more Military Departments and are commanded by a JFC with a joint staff JP 3-0, pg. II-10

6. Chain of Command and Control PRESIDENT CJCS SECRETARY OF DEFENSE UNIFIED COMMANDS MILITARY DEPARTMENTS CO COM Service Forces (Not assigned by “Forces For”) JOINT TASK FORCE FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT SERVICE COMPONENT COMMANDS OP CON SERVICE COMPONENTS/ FORCES Chain of Command SUBORDINATE UNIFIED COMMAND Coordination

7. PACOM Command Structure Chain of Command NCA Strategic National Coordination CJCS CINC SPT CINC Strategic Theater USA COMP USN COMP USAF COMP USMC COMP SOF COMP TIER I TIER II JTF Operational Level USA COMP USN COMP USAF COMP USMC COMP SOF COMP JPOTF Tactical Level

8. Joint Task Force Peace Enforcement CM NEO A JTF is formed or designated by SECDEF, a CINC or an existing JTF Commander for a specific limited objective and dissolved upon achieving its assigned objectives JP 0-2, pg. IV-9 Disaster Relief/ HA Peace Keeping SSC

9. JTF Employment in PACOM • MOOTW / SSC is most likely scenario • Short Duration / Small Scale / No-Notice • Joint • Multinational / Interagency • Chain of Command: NCA--CINC--JTF Commander • Use of JOPES Crisis Action Procedures Required Bottom Line: Requires Joint Staff employing Joint Processes

10. 13AF

11. Decisions affecting JTF structure Facts Decisions Assigned Tasks JTF Mission Required Capabilities Force Options Force Options Component Structure Component Structure C2 Structure Basing Support Structure Staff Structure Force Structure

12. Our Goal A JTF that can: • Rapidly plan in a complex setting • Develop a plan which supports national and strategic theater goals • Continuously integrate logistics • Orient on the enemy’s operational center of gravity • Efficiently execute a plan based on the commander’s concept • Achieve synergy in the employment of all military and inter-agency capabilities

13. JTF Component Structure (Service) Simplicity in a Time Compressed Environment Capabilities or functions do not overlap CINC CJTF NAVFOR AFFOR ARFOR MARFOR JSOTF

14. JTF Component Structure (Functional) Organize by capabilities or functions Unity of Effort CINC CJTF JCMOTF JFMCC JFACC JFLCC JSOTF JPOTF JP 3-56, Pg III-6

15. Subordinate TF Structure Geographic or Mission Specific Unity of Effort CINC CJTF TF TRANS TF MED TF Eng JSOTF JPOTF JCMOTF

16. USMC USA USN MEF USAF CORPS FLEET AEF The Leap to the Operational Level NCA CINC SOP JTF TACTICAL LEVEL MARFOR NAVFOR AFFOR ARFOR JSOTF JPOTF A formidable challenge A leap from the “Comfort Zone”

17. Not Business As Usual Minimal Time Philosophy Structure Procedures Cellular Staff Structure Ops Comm Intel Plans Log Pers JTF Staff Mission Crisis Action Planning Phase I: Situation Development Phase II: Crisis Assessment Phase III: COA Development Phase IV: COA Selection Phase V: Execution Planning Phase VI: Execution Operational Level Focus Conducted by a “New” Staff

18. FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF Component Staff COMMANDER N/G1 N/G2 N/G3 N/G4 N/G5 N/G6

19. Forming the Joint Staff PSYOPS, Civil Affairs, Legal, Medical, Pol Mil, Etc. DJTFAC Personnel/J1 Intel/J2 Ops/J3 Log/J4 Plans/J5 Comms/J6 Designated Headquarters Staff Organization JTF SOPs Operational Level focus

20. Forming the CTF Staff PSYOPS, Civil Affairs, Legal, Medical, Pol Mil, Etc. DJTFAC US Headquarters N/G1/DP N/G2/IN N/G3/DO N/G4/LG N/G5/XP N/G6/SC Other Nation Headquarters AC1 AC2 AC3 AC4 AC5 AC6 Cultural Dynamics SOPs CTF Infrastructure Differences Communications Operational Level focus TTPs

21. USCINCPAC Staff (21) O-6 Team Chief 1xJ1 1xJ2 2xJ3(OPS) 2xJ3(Plans) 3xJ3(IO/CA/PSYOP) 2xJ4(Plans/Eng) 2xJ5(TPFDD) 1xJ5(Pol-Mil) 1xJ6 1xPA 1xSJA 1xMed USCINPAC Components PACAF (5) Airlift & Fighter Ops Airlift Management Logistics & Ops Planners USARPAC (4) Logistics & Ops Planners Terrain Analysis Tm CINPACFLT (2) Logistics & Ops Planners MARFORPAC (2) Logistics & Ops Planners JICPAC (6) IAT Officers & NCOs SOCPAC (1) What the DJTFAC Is: TRAINED---EXPERIENCED---READY TO DEPLOY---WORK FOR THE JTF

22. Other JTF Augmentation • Public affairs • JOPES • Logistics Readiness Center (LRC), JLCC • SOF-CA, PSYOP • Legal • Host nation • Liaison • Service component • Coalition • NGO, PVO, OGA • TRANSCOM • DOD agencies (DMA, CIA, etc.) • USSPACECOM • Medical • Pol-Mil POLAD • JULLS, JAARS (Lessons Learned) • Contracting official • Establish a CMOC (Civil-Military Operations Center)

23. FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF The Result: A JTF Staff CJTF • Command Group • Battle Staff • Integrated Staff Cells • Routine Support • Liaison J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 LIAISON How Does It Work?

24. The JTF Staff • Task Organized to the Specific Mission • Capable of Rapid Information Processing • Organized for Efficiency • Shortened Plan-Decide-Execute Cycle

25. FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF Routine Staff Support CJTF • More Closely Aligned with Normal Staff Organization • Representatives on Integrated Cell • More meetings than Bodies: Battle Rhythm • Linkage to staffs higher and lower J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 LIAISON

26. FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF Command Group CJTF • Decision Makers J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 LIAISON

27. FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF Battle Staff CJTF • Chief of Staff Direction • “Board of Directors” • Staff Cognizance over Integrated Cells • Represents all Key Battlefield Operating Systems • Deals with Processed Data J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 LIAISON

28. FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF Integrated Staff Cells CJTF • Cross Functional Representation • LNO Representation • Information Management • Battle Rhythm • Planning Handover J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 JOINT PLANNING GROUP INFORMATION OPERATIONS CELL JOINT OPERATIONS CENTER TPFDD WORKING GROUP LIAISON

29. Integrated Staff Cells • OPERATIONAL PLANNING TM • POLITICAL MILITARY GROUP • COMMUNICATIONS COORD CELL • RULES OF ENGAGE COMM • JOINT DISEASE CONT BD • JOINT INFORMATION BUREAU • MORALE, WELFARE, AND RECREATION • MILITARY COORD CENTER • JOPES CELL • SECURITY ASSESSMENT TEAM • SPECIAL OPS CELL • JOINT MEDICAL CONT BD • HEALTH SERV SPT BD • JOINT VISITORS BUREAU • INFORMATION MANAGEMENT CTR • JULLS TEAM • JOINT MORTUARY AFF BD • JOINT CONTRACTING BD • FUTURE PLANS • JOINT AWARDS BOARD • JOINT CAPTURED MATERIAL EXPLOIT CELL • FUTURE OPERATIONS • COMBAT OPERATIONS CENTER • JOINT MOBILITY AND ENG BD • TRNG READINESS COMM • JOINT TERRAIN MANAGE BD • LOGISTICS READINESS CENTER • JOINT PETROLEUM BD • JOINT LOG COORD BD • JOINT HNS SPT BD • JOINT RECEPTION CENTER • EPW MANAGEMENT BOARD • JOINT INTERROGATION CELL • JOINT COLLECTION BOARD • FORCE FIRES • JOINT TARGET BOARD • CIVIL MILITARY OPS CENTER • REAR AREA OPERATIONS CTR • JOINT MOVEMENT CONT CTR • JOINT FACILITIES UTIL BD • JOINT AV LOG SPT BD • JOINT MATERIAL PRIORITY ALLOCATION BD

30. FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF Liaison “They are crucial to success, and you have to pick your best people. They have to have the moxie to stand up in front of a two or four star general, and brief him on what their commander is thinking, their unit’s capabilities, and make their recommendations.” • Liaison higher and lower • Liaisons to JTF staff become key members of Integrated Cells • More meetings than Bodies: Battle Rhythm • Rank/Experience critical: Must be able to speak for the commander LTG Stiner, USA Cdr, JTF South, Operation Just Cause CJTF J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 LIAISON

31. Joint Task Force Focus “UnityofCommand and Simplicity remain the keyprinciples to be considered when designing a JTFcommandarchitecture.” Somalia Operations: Lessons Learned Jan 95, Page 61

32. Command Relationships • OPCON • Authoritative direction for all Military Operations • Organize and employ Commands and Forces • Assign Command functions to subordinates • Establish plans/requirements for intel activity • Suspend/reassign subordinate commanders • TACON • Local direction and control of movements • Typical in Functional Command structure

33. Command Relationships “... there should be no mistaking the fact that the greatest obstacles to unity of command during UNOSOM II were imposed by the United States on itself . . . command arrangements had effectively created a condition that allowed no one to set clear, unambiguous priorities in designing and executing a comprehensive force package.” Somalia Operations: Lessons Learned Jan 95, Page 60

34. Command Relationships Existing war plans assigned to Commandant, 14th Naval District, the sharing of joint supervisory control over the defense against air attack; working with the army to have their air defense guns emplaced; exercising supervisory control over navy shore based aircraft; and arranging through Commander, Patrol Wing 2 for coordination of the joint air effort. Prange, At Dawn We Slept

35. JTF Staff Organization DEPUTY CJTF CHAP J6 SURGEON J1 JCCC JRC $ COMP $ LEGAL CHIEF OF STAFF J2 J5 JPG JISE JSRC JVB PUBLIC AFFAIRS J3 JOC LRC J4 JIB JMC CMOC JTCB RECOMMENDED

36. Personal Staff Deputy CJTF Chaplain National Support Team Patient Movement Requirements Center Joint Reception Center Joint Communications Control Center Joint Blood Program Office J-1 J-6 Surgeon Joint Interrogation Facility Joint Planning Group Joint Document Exploitation Center Legal Advisor Comptroller Chief of Staff J-2 F2C2 J-5 Joint Intelligence Support Element Captured Material Exploitation Center Joint Visitors Bureau Public Affairs Joint Mortuary Affairs Office Joint Information Bureau Joint Search and Rescue Center J-4 J-3 Sub Area Petroleum Office Civil Military Operations Center Joint Movement Center Joint Operations Center Logistics Readiness Center Joint Targeting Coordination Board Facilities Utilization Board CJTF Determines Staff Relationship Recommended ASRequired

37. JFACC ? • “The JFC will normallydesignate a JFACC. The JFC will base the decision to designate a JFACC on several factors such as:” • Mission • Concept of Operations • Tasks to Subordinate Units • Forces Available • Duration and Nature of Air Operations Desired • Degree of Unity of C2 of Joint Air Ops Required JP 3-56.1, Pg II-2

38. JTF OrganizationMultinational Operations “Nothing that I have ever been taught prepared me for the mental jump needed to go from being Chief of Operations in NATO army group to being Chief of Staff of a UN Operation, where I had to bring together the staff from ten different nations and staff the deployment in less than three weeks from the Security Resolution.” Major General R.A. Cordy-Simpson UKAR

39. “Integrated” Command Structure MULTINATIONAL FORCE COMMANDER DMFC CARFOR CNAVFOR CAFFOR US ARFOR Allied ARFOR US NAVFOR Allied NAVFOR US AFFOR Allied AFFOR When Used: Common Language, National Objectives, Good Interoperability

40. “Lead Nation” Command Structure International Alliance Auth Combined CMD MULTINATIONAL FORCE COMMANDER Nat’l COCOM Allied Nat’l Cmd U.S. Unified Command Allied Nation Other Components Allied Nation Army Component U.S. Army Component U.S. Naval Component U.S. Air Force Component When Used: Significant Language or National Objective Differences or Poor Interoperability

41. A F S C 05-24-95 JP017 Gd-g Command Relationships Combatant Command (command authority) (COCOM) (Unique to Combatant Commander) • Budget and PPBS input • Assignment of subordinate commanders • Relations with DOD agencies • Convening of courts martial • Exercising directive authority for logistics • Authoritative direction for all military operations and joint training • Organizes and employs commands and forces • Assign command functions to subordinates • Establishes plans and requirements for intelligence activity • Suspend from duty subordinate commanders When OPCON is delegated When SUPPORT relationship is delegated • Aids, assists, • protects, or • sustains another • organization When TACON is delegated • Locally directs and controls movements or maneuvers to accomplish mission

42. JTF Lessons Learned...

43. Lessons Learned: Forming

44. Lessons Learned: Planning “Master the mechanics & techniques; understand the art and profession; and be smart enough to know when to deviate from it.” GEN Zinni, CINCCENT “Leaders should use the military decision-making process to expedite or facilitate planning, but should not let it hinder their efforts to understand the complex issues that lay beneath the operation’s surface.” LTC D. Scalard, Military Review, 1998

45. Lessons Learned: Deploying

46. Lessons Learned: Employing • Deter… • Fight to win...

47. Lessons Learned: Transition Transition may occur between the JTF and another US command, with another military command (i.e. UN follow-on forces), with host nation forces, or to civilian control. Regardless, both commands must prepare for and coordinate the transition to ensure an orderly change of authority and responsibility.

48. Lessons Learned: Redeploying Redeployment is essentially the reverse of deployment. Redeployment can begin at any point during JTF operations and planning should begin as soon as possible.

49. QUESTIONS?