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The Role of ATP in Cellular Energy and Metabolism

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups. It acts like 'cellular currency,' powering vital biological processes. High-energy bonds connect the phosphate groups, and enzymes like kinases play a crucial role in ATP de-phosphorylation. When ATP is converted to ADP and AMP, energy is released, essential for various functions. Additionally, NAD and NADP are vital coenzymes involved in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, respectively, highlighting the interconnectedness of cellular energy systems.

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The Role of ATP in Cellular Energy and Metabolism

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  1. The Cell and Energy The Inner Life of a Cell

  2. ATP – adenosine triphosphate

  3. ATP – adenosine triphosphate • Made up of: • Adenine: a nucleic acid • Ribose: a 5-carbon sugar • Three phosphate molecules

  4. ATP – adenosine triphosphate • Like money – pays for work • High energy bonds connect the phosphate groups • Kinases are enzymes that de-phosphorylate ATP

  5. ATP – adenosine triphosphate • De-phosphorylation • ATP → ADP + Pi → AMP + Pi • Energy released with bonds breaking • ADP has less energy than ATP (80%) • AMP has less energy than ADP (20%) • Phosphorylation • AMP + Pi → ADP + Pi → ATP

  6. ATP – adenosine triphosphate • ATP needs to be continually replaced

  7. Two other names to recognize… • NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is an important enzyme for cellular respiration • NADP is an important enzyme in photosynthesis

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