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Pharmacology BMS 242

Pharmacology BMS 242. Dr. Aya M. Serry Lecture I Introduction; Scope of Pharmacology Routes of Drug Administration 2014. Parenteral Route. Routes of Drug Administration. Parenteral Route: Administering a drug by a needle or canula.

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Pharmacology BMS 242

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  1. PharmacologyBMS 242 Dr. Aya M. Serry Lecture I Introduction; Scope of PharmacologyRoutes of Drug Administration 2014

  2. Parenteral Route

  3. Routes of Drug Administration • Parenteral Route: Administering a drug by a needle or canula • Parenteral administration is used for drugs that are poorly absorbed (e.g: Heparin) or that are unstable in the GI tract (e.g: Insulin) • Highest bioavailability ( Drug is not subject to first-pass metabolism or harsh GI environments) • Treatment of unconscious and emergency patients (Rapid action) •  Provides the most control over the actual dose of drug delivered to the body • However, these routes are irreversible and may cause pain, fear and infections Parental Route: Injection of the drug though a needle or catheter

  4. Routes of Drug Administration • Parenteral Route: Administering a drug by a needle or canula •  The three major parenteral routes are Intravenous(IV), Intramuscular (IM) and Subcutaneous (SC).Each route has it’s advantages and drawbacks; Intravenous Injection (IV) Parental Route: Injection of the drug though a needle or catheter

  5. Routes of Drug Administration • Parenteral Route: Administering a drug by a needle or canula B. Intramuscular Injection (IM)

  6. Routes of Drug Administration • Parenteral Route: Administering a drug by a needle or canula C. Subcutaneous Injection (SC)

  7. Routes of Drug Administration • Other Routes: Topical route Transdermal route Used when a local effect of the drug is desired. Drug is applied directly to the skin or mucous membrane (e.g: Skin and eyes) • This route achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin via a transdermal patch • The rate of absorption varies depending on the physical characteristics of the skin • This route is most often used for the sustained delivery of drugs, such as the anti-anginal drug nitroglycerin and the once-a-week contraceptive patches Advantages:

  8. Routes of Drug Administration • Other Routes: Oral Inhalation • Inhalation provides the rapid delivery of a drug across the large surface area of the mucous membranes of the respiratory system • Rapid effect (almost as rapidly as with IV injection) • Used for drugs that are gases or those that can be dispersed in an aerosol • This route is mainly effective for patients with respiratory complaints (as asthma) Advantages:

  9. Routes of Drug Administration • Other Routes: Nasal Inhalation This route involves administration of drugs directly into the nose. Agents include nasal decongestants such as the anti-inflammatory corticosteroids Advantages:

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