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Understanding Acids and Bases in Chemistry

Explore common acids and bases, their properties, naming conventions, and formulas for various compounds in the world of chemistry.

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Understanding Acids and Bases in Chemistry

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  1. Chapter 20 Notes: Part I Acids and Bases

  2. What are some common acids? • Vinegar (acetic acid) • Carbonated drinks (carbonic and phosphoric acid) • Citrus fruits (citric acid) • Car battery (sulfuric acid)

  3. What are some common bases? • Milk of magnesia (an antacid containing magnesium hydroxide) • Many cleaning products (ammonia, etc)

  4. What properties do acids have? Acids tend to be: • Tart or sour tasting • Electrolytes (in solution) • They can cause chemical dyes (called indicators) to change colors

  5. What properties do bases have? Bases tend to be: • Bitter tasting • Slippery feeling when touched • Able to neutralize an acid • Also electrolytes (in solution)

  6. What is an acid? • An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. • The formula would be HaX, where X is any monatomic or polyatomic anion and a is the anion’s charge.

  7. Naming an Acid • When the name of the anion (X) ends in –ide, the name begins with hydro-, then the stem of the anion, then the name ends with –ic acid instead of -ide. • ex) HCl is hydrochloric acid

  8. Naming an Acid • When the name of the ion ends in –ite, then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ous acid instead of –ite. • H2SO3 is sulfurous acid

  9. Naming an Acid • When the name of the ion ends in –ate, then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ic acid instead of-ate. • H2SO4 is sulfuric acid

  10. Naming an Acid Negative ion: Acid Name: _____ ide hydro___ic acid _____ ite _____ous acid _____ ate _____ic acid

  11. What is a base? • A base is a compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions when in solution. • Bases are named the same way that an ionic compound would be named. • NaOH is sodium Hydroxide

  12. Name the following acids and bases: • HClO3 • H3PO4 • HF • HNO3 • KOH • Ba(OH)2 • H3PO3

  13. Name the following acids and bases: • HClO3chloric acid • H3PO4 • HF • HNO3 • KOH • Ba(OH)2 • H3PO3

  14. Name the following acids and bases: • HClO3chloric acid • H3PO4 phosphoric acid • HF • HNO3 • KOH • Ba(OH)2 • H3PO3

  15. Name the following acids and bases: • HClO3chloric acid • H3PO4 phosphoric acid • HF hydrofluoric acid • HNO3 • KOH • Ba(OH)2 • H3PO3

  16. Name the following acids and bases: • HClO3chloric acid • H3PO4 phosphoric acid • HF hydrofluoric acid • HNO3 nitric acid • KOH • Ba(OH)2 • H3PO3

  17. Name the following acids and bases: • HClO3chloric acid • H3PO4 phosphoric acid • HF hydrofluoric acid • HNO3 nitric acid • KOH potassium hydroxide • Ba(OH)2 • H3PO3

  18. Name the following acids and bases: • HClO3chloric acid • H3PO4 phosphoric acid • HF hydrofluoric acid • HNO3 nitric acid • KOH potassium hydroxide • Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide • H3PO3

  19. Name the following acids and bases: • HClO3chloric acid • H3PO4 phosphoric acid • HF hydrofluoric acid • HNO3 nitric acid • KOH potassium hydroxide • Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide • H3PO3 phosphorous acid

  20. Write the formula for the following: • hydroiodic acid • calcium hydroxide • nitrous acid • ammonium hydroxide • nitric acid • hydrobromic acid • phosphoric acid

  21. Write the formula for the following: • hydroiodic acid HI • calcium hydroxide • nitrous acid • ammonium hydroxide • nitric acid • hydrobromic acid • phosphoric acid

  22. Write the formula for the following: • hydroiodic acid HI • calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 • nitrous acid • ammonium hydroxide • nitric acid • hydrobromic acid • phosphoric acid

  23. Write the formula for the following: • hydroiodic acid HI • calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 • nitrous acid HNO2 • ammonium hydroxide • nitric acid • hydrobromic acid • phosphoric acid

  24. Write the formula for the following: • hydroiodic acid HI • calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 • nitrous acid HNO2 • ammonium hydroxide NH4OH • nitric acid • hydrobromic acid • phosphoric acid

  25. Write the formula for the following: • hydroiodic acid HI • calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 • nitrous acid HNO2 • ammonium hydroxide NH4OH • nitric acid HNO3 • hydrobromic acid • phosphoric acid

  26. Write the formula for the following: • hydroiodic acid HI • calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 • nitrous acid HNO2 • ammonium hydroxide NH4OH • nitric acid HNO3 • hydrobromic acid HBr • phosphoric acid

  27. Write the formula for the following: • hydroiodic acid HI • calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 • nitrous acid HNO2 • ammonium hydroxide NH4OH • nitric acid HNO3 • hydrobromic acid HBr • phosphoric acid H3PO4

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