Chapter 20 Notes

1. Chapter 20 Notes Today’s Issues- Africa

2. Section 1- Economic Development • Africa’s Economy- • Primarily provide raw materials to developed nations • Problems- • Exploited resources • Millions sold into slavery • No regard for environment while mining, & drilling • Little infrastructure (roads, airports…) • Little political stability • Little technology

3. Section 1- Economic Development • Most African nations are worse off than they were 30 years ago. • Continents GNP is the size of Argentina’s • Most African nations owe billions in debt to foreign governments.

4. Section 1- Economic Development • DON’T WRITE • Sub-Saharan Africa: For every $1 received in aid grants in 1999, the countries in the region paid back $1.51 in debt service. They owe $231 billion to creditors, that is $406 for every man, woman and child in Africa. Sub-Saharan countries spend over twice as much on debt service as on basic health care. They spend 6.1 % of GNP on education and spent 5.0 % of GNP on debt service. If Africa's debt were cancelled it could almost double its spending on education.

5. Section 1- Economic Development • Most African nations economies rely on exporting raw materials, several rely on exporting 1-2 goods • Known as “One-Commodity” Countries • Commodity is an agricultural or mining product that is sold. • $ varies day to day • Very unstable

6. Section 1- Economic Development • African nations need to Diversify • create variety in their economies, promote manufacturing, to achieve economic growth & stability

7. Section 1- Economic Development • Education- • African nations need to improve their schooling systems • Retain the professionals in their continent • Many go to other countries (U.S. & Europe) to earn a better living

8. Section 2- Health Care • Cholera- • Caused by inadequate sanitation & lack of a clean water supply • Often fatal if not treated

9. Section 2- Health Care • Malaria- infectious disease with chills & fever, often fatal. • Spread by mosquitoes • Resistant to drugs because of overuse

10. Section 2- Health Care • Tuberculosis- respiratory infection spread between humans, usually accompanies AIDS • If left untreated it kills 50%

11. Section 2- Health Care • UNAIDS- United Nations program that studies the world’s AIDS epidemic

12. AIDS Spreading Across Africa

13. ≈40 million people have HIV/AIDS worldwide ≈25+ million are in sub-Saharan Africa

14. 25+ million have died from AIDS worldwide 4+ million were under the age of 15

15. In 2000, 3 Million died from AIDS • Of these 2.4 Million lived in Sub-Saharan Africa

16. 5.4 million new AIDS infections each year 4 million are in Africa

17. 13.2 million orphans from AIDS 12.1 million of those are found in Africa

18. In 1999, 85% of AIDS deaths were in Africa 11 new HIV/AIDS infections occur each minute 7200 new AIDS infections per day

19. How does AIDS compare to other epidemics? Bubonic Plague killed 30 million people in Medieval Europe By 2010 sub-Saharan Africa will have 71 million FEWER people than if AIDS never happened

20. IMPACT? Teachers, doctors, and nurses are dying faster than can be replaced 80% of those dying are between 20-50 years old – workers in the prime of life

21. Infection in South Africa:1 in 10 Infection in Botswana and Zimbabwe: 1 in 4

22. But beyond statistics……………. Families forced to care for members who are ill spend money on medicine otherwise used for food, housing, schools, and other necessities People trapped in poverty typically have limited access to health care and are not educated about health issues Effective and comprehensive prevention programs could cost $2.3 billion each year AIDS is turning back the clock on development in Africa

23. How is it spreading so quickly? Mobile work force and rapid urbanization Contribute to cities with 40/50% of population infected Soldiers moving from from one war to another…..spreads the disease Misconceptions about the disease and how it is spread Lack of education