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I.The Swahili coast and the Indian ocean slave trade

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Lecture Eight. I.The Swahili coast and the Indian ocean slave trade. II.) The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. Guide for sea captains of Indian Ocean (first century) “Azania” – Greek ivory ironware tortoise shell coconut oil cotton cloth wheat and wine

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I.The Swahili coast and the Indian ocean slave trade

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  1. Lecture Eight I.The Swahili coast and the Indian ocean slave trade

  2. II.) The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea • Guide for sea captains of Indian Ocean (first century) • “Azania” – Greek • ivory ironware • tortoise shell coconut oil cotton cloth wheat and wine • Traders -- Living in City States (1000 AD)

  3. Dhow w/ a lateen sailMonsoons: Ap to Oct-to Arabia Nov to Mar – back“The Land of Zanj”- Persian.

  4. Ivory Chinese dishes Amber SilkTimber RiceGold ClothSlaves Arabia, India, Persia,Iraq. Dhow w/ a lateen sail

  5. III.) Golden Age 1000 AD to 1500 AD • 40 City States • Arab immigration 1050 – 1200 • intermarriage

  6. III.) Golden Age 1000 AD to 1500 AD • Portuguese arrived, 1498 • Overthrown by the Omanis - 1698 • Fort Jesus Mombasa 1593

  7. IV.) Prosperity continued. • Seyyid Said, 1839 • British advisors • Slave trade • Abolition movement begins

  8. V.) First Phase – Overseas Slave Trade • Abolished slave trade, 1807 • Moresby Line – (1822) From Pakistan to Mozambique

  9. V.) First Phase – Overseas Slave Trade • Sir John Kirk, Assistant Consul-General in Zanzibar, 1872 • Treaty with Bargash, No overseas slave trade • Gunboat diplomacy • Reopened within a year in Kilwa • All proclamations ignored: 1876, 1889, 1890. • Only slight decline in slave trade.

  10. V.) First Phase – Overseas Slave Trade • Protectorate Declared (1890) • Joint Powers Act, 1890 • Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Italy • From Suez to Madagascar, no trade. • Now Mombasa included in the ban.

  11. VI. Second Phase – Abolish Domestic Slave Trade • Exchange, sale, or purchase of domestic slaves on Zanzibar is prohibited. (8/1/1890) • Holding slaves still legal. • Domestic trade on the mainland legal. • 1893, Imperial British East Africa Company takes jurisdiction in the inland regions, slave trade prohibited there.

  12. VII.) THIRD PHASE – ABOLISH LEGAL STATUS, April 1, 1897 • Legal Status abolished (4/1/1897) on Zanzibar and Pemba “No rights arising out of the relationship of master and slave would be enforced by any civil or criminal court or any authority.”

  13. VIII.) FOURTH PHASE – BIRTH STATUS • All children born after 1900 in Zanzibar, Pemba, Mombasa, and Coast are free. 47,000 people freed 53,000 still slaves. • The legal status of slavery in Mombasa and the Coast was not abolished until 1907.

  14. A Very Slow, slow death • Practice of slavery continued in the coastal belt until after WWI. • Servitude in various forms continued until WWII. • Still continues today.

  15. Discussion • 1. Is the slave trade a key to understanding Africa’s underdevelopment, or must we look to other factors as more important? • 2. Why do you think the moral and philosophical implications of selling or buying persons seem to have changed so? • 3. How would you weigh cultural versus economic factors in the development of modern ideas of racial superiority/inferiority?

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