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Circulatory System

Circulatory System. p917-929. A. Functions of Circulatory System:. Pumps blood (heart) Moves oxygen, food, waste by circulating blood. B. Different types of Circulation. Open System Blood is pumped by a heart and empties into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by blood

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System p917-929

  2. A. Functions of Circulatory System: • Pumps blood (heart) • Moves oxygen, food, waste by circulating blood

  3. B. Different types of Circulation • Open System • Blood is pumped by a heart and empties into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by blood • Arthropods and Molluscs

  4. B. Different types of Circulation • Closed System: • Blood is pumped by heart through vessels and is enclosed at all times • = Earthworms and vertebrates

  5. c) (Closed System) Types of Vertebrate Hearts: • Two-chambered (fish)

  6. Three-chambered (amphibians, some reptiles)

  7. Four-chambered (birds, mammals, some reptiles)

  8. C. Anatomy of Human Circulatory System(p917) • Heart • Four Chambers: (Two Atria and Two Ventricles) • Atria (Atrium is singular) • Thin walled chambers • Receiving chambers (collects incoming blood from the body and lungs) • Not significant in pumping

  9. Ventricles • Thick walled chambers • Discharging chamber (pumps blood to body and lungs) • “Pump” of the heart

  10. Why are ventricle walls thicker?

  11. b) Septum • Separates the heart chambers

  12. c) Valves in your heart prevent backflow of blood • AV Valves • Tricuspid • Mitral • Semilunar Valves • Pulmonary • Aortic

  13. R L Left Atrium Right Atrium Bicuspid/ Mitral Valve Tricuspid Valve Aortic Valve Right Ventricle L. Ventricle Pulmonary Valve Septum

  14. 2. Blood Vessels (p922-924) • Made of smooth muscle Smooth Muscle Contraction

  15. endothelium smooth muscle valve connective tissue ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARIES arteriole venule b) Three Types:

  16. endothelium smooth muscle valve connective tissue ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARIES arteriole venule (1) Arteries • Transports blood AWAY from the heart • Carries oxygenated (Oxygen rich) blood • EXCEPTION: • Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated (oxygen poor) blood • Blood under pressure • Walls thick, more muscular

  17. endothelium smooth muscle valve connective tissue ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARIES arteriole venule (2) Veins • Transports blood TO the heart • Carries deoxygenated blood (oxygen poor) • EXCEPTION: • Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated (oxygen rich) blood • Thinner; valves; less pressure

  18. (3) Capillaries • Small vessels at ends of arteries or veins • Exchange gases (O2 and CO2), nutrients and waste

  19. R L L. Pulmonary Artery Aorta Superior Vena Cava R. Pulmonary Artery Left Pulmonary Veins R. Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium Right Atrium Bicuspid/ Mitral Valve Tricuspid Valve Aortic Valve Right Ventricle L. Ventricle Inferior Vena Cava Pulmonary Valve Aorta Septum

  20. D. Circulation of Blood in Mammals (p918-920) • Pulmonary Circulation (TO and FROM the LUNGS) • RIGHT side of the heart • Deoxygenated blood AND oxygenated blood • Blood flow: (see handout)

  21. D. Circulation of Blood in Mammals • Systemic Circulation (TO and FROM the BODY) • Oxygenated blood AND deoxygenated blood • LEFT side of the heart • Blood flow: (see handout) • Arteries merge into capillaries, which merge into veins, which eventually merge into superior and inferior vena cava

  22. Trace a drop of blood through the heart: Red = O2 Rich Blue = O2 poor Blood goes to head/upper body Blood comes from head/upper body Blood goes to L lung Blood goes to R lung Blood comes from L lung Blood comes from R lung Blood comes from lower body Blood goes lower body

  23. D. Circulation of Blood in Mammals • Coronary Circulation • Supplies blood to the heart muscle itself

  24. How many times does the blood pass through the heart in one cycle? • Does blood ever pump backwards? Animation

  25. R L L. Pulmonary Artery Aorta Superior Vena Cava R. Pulmonary Artery Left Pulmonary Veins R. Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium Right Atrium Bicuspid/ Mitral Valve Tricuspid Valve Aortic Valve Right Ventricle L. Ventricle Inferior Vena Cava Pulmonary Valve Aorta Septum

  26. Animation E. Physiology • SA node • Pacemaker of the heart • Causes the atria to contract

  27. E. Physiology 2. AV node • Causes the ventricles to contract

  28. E. Physiology 3. Events of one complete heart beat: • Systole • contraction phase • Diatstole • relaxation phase • heart fills with blood • Heart sounds “lub-dub” made by heart valves closing

  29. F. Blood Pressure (p923-924) • Pressure the blood puts on the walls of arteries • Keeps blood circulating

  30. 3. Measuring the Pressure: • Systolic Pressure • Pressure when ventricles contract • Top number when taking blood pressure • Diastolic Pressure • Pressure when ventricles relaxed • “resting pressure” • Bottom number when taking blood pressure

  31. Normal BP: 120-139 Over 80-89

  32. G. Blood (p926-929) • Red Blood cells • Most numerous of blood cells • Carry hemoglobin (transports oxygen in blood)

  33. G. Blood 2. White Blood Cells • Protects against disease • Essential part of Immune System

  34. G. Blood • Platelets • Aid in blood clotting • Plasma • Liquid part of blood

  35. plasma red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

  36. 5. Blood Type Due to protein markers on red blood cells Determines blood group (ABO) and Rh Factor (+/-) Must be compatible for transfusions

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