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Upheavals in China

Upheavals in China. The Warlord Problem. 1912- Sun Yixian , the president, abdicates in favor of Yuan Shikai , a powerful general Tried to set up a new Dynasty Military did not support separated the nation When he dies the nation experiences upheaval Warlords took over the provinces

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Upheavals in China

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  1. Upheavals in China

  2. The Warlord Problem • 1912- Sun Yixian, the president, abdicates in favor of Yuan Shikai, a powerful general • Tried to set up a new Dynasty • Military did not support • separated the nation • When he dies the nation experiences upheaval • Warlords took over the provinces • Economy collapses

  3. Foreign Imperialism • Foreign powers increased their influence over China • During WWI, Japan presented China with the Twenty-One Demands • Sought to make China a Japanese protectorate • China gives in to some of the demands • May Fourth Movement • Protests erupt May 4, 1919 • Goal is to strengthen China

  4. The Appeal of Marxism • Some Chinese turn to the ideas of Marx and Lenin • The Soviet Union trained Chinese people to become the vanguard (elite leaders) of a Communist Revolution

  5. Struggle for a New China • 1921- Sun Yixian and his Guomindang (nationalist party) establish a government in South China • Planned to raise an army, defeat the warlords, and spread his government’s rule all over China • The Soviet Union helps

  6. Jiang Jieshi Leads the Nationalists • 1925- Sun dies • Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek) takes over the Guomindang • Determined to end the reign of the warlords and unite China • 1926- Northern Expedition- Jiang led forces into North China and either crushed or won over the warlords • Eventually take Beijing • Jiang takes control of the government • mid-campaign Jiang attacks the Chinese Communists • Soldiers massacre communists

  7. Mao Zedong and the Communists • Mao Zedong escapes the attacks • Believed Communists should seek support among the peasants as well as the working class • Gains support-becomes the head of the Chinese Communist Party

  8. The Long March • Mao’s forces make a foray into Jiang’s territory • 1934-1935- the Guomindang attack Mao’s retreating army in the Long March • Mao’s forces use guerilla tactics to fight back • The Communists set up a base in remote Northern China- Mao rebuilds forces and plots revenge

  9. Japanese Invasion • 1931- Japan invades Manchuria (Northeast China) • As Japanese aggression increases, the Communists and the Guomindang form a united front against the invaders • 1937- Second Sino- Japanese war begins • Bombs hit Chinese cities • Japanese soldiers overrun eastern China • Jiang Jieshi moves capital to Chongquing

  10. Japanese Invasion • December 13- Japanese trooper march into Nanjing • After the surrender, Japanese soldiers kill hundreds of thousands of civilians and soldiers and brutalize even more • “Rape of Nanjing” • Other countries send aid, the front is held until the end of the war with Japan

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