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IWM 14

IWM 14 . Information Architecture: Designing Navigation. Classification to navigation. Mapping from raw information collections to pages, with labelling, must be designed to support user navigation (and printing) Some issues : Hypertext linking

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IWM 14

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  1. IWM 14 Information Architecture: Designing Navigation

  2. Classification to navigation • Mapping from raw information collections to pages, with labelling, must be designed to support user navigation (and printing) • Some issues: • Hypertext linking • Separate pages vs scrolling long page • Page length > page design

  3. Page Dimensions

  4. Page Dimensions

  5. Page Dimensions

  6. Page Length

  7. Page Length

  8. Page Length

  9. What’s meant by navigation?“exploiting Web site’s structure and content to find, browse and explore information”

  10. Navigation Systems • Global (site-wide) navigation systems • Local (sub-site) navigation systems • Supplementary navigation systems • Tables of contents/site maps. • Site indexes. • Guides and guided tours. • Give flexibility and user control without confusing user through too much choice

  11. Navigation Systems • Navigation systems need to: • Provide context (Where am I?) • Provide flexibility (Where can I go?) • Avoid wasting user’s time (Why should I go there? What will I find?) • Provide guidance (How can I get there? And get back to here?)

  12. How does navigation work in real life? • following road signs • “automatic pilot” • landmarks • maps • ask guide/take guided tour • follow step by step directions

  13. How does “navigation” work in spatial environments? • use map or floorplan • look for signs • use a classification system, e.g. Dewey Decimal • go to favourite section • use computerised search • use recommendation • ask guide/take guided tour • ask librarian or ask other user • go to the place marked for you, e.g. research students only • go where you see other students from course

  14. Translate into Web navigation aids? • navigation buttons = directions to sections/areas • sitemaps • home as landmark • breadcrumb trails • guided tours • user group areas • graphically distinguished areas

  15. How does “navigation” work in paper information sources? • using table of contents • using index • flicking through pages • using tabs, coloured sections • ask guide/take guided tour • using turned down pages, bookmarks • looking for “landmark” e.g. photo inserts • how much has been read so far?

  16. Lands’ End Catalog

  17. Lands’ End Catalog women women An implicit architecture 1 showcase women 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 unisex 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 kids men 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

  18. Lands’ End Catalog spring casual spring casual 1 An alternative view 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 cool-weather casual 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 kids dressy 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 summer casual special purpose shoes 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

  19. Lands’ End Catalog page 15 page 51 repetition page 4

  20. Lands’ End Catalog 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 repetition

  21. Lands’ End Catalog Reference and redirection

  22. Lands’ End Catalog 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Reference and redirection

  23. Translate into Web navigation aids? • favourites/bookmarks • back • go to previous site = breadcrumb trail • url of linked site displayed at bottom of screen • directory structure, e.g. alphabetical • search • visited links

  24. Building context • branding • navigation needs to present structure of information hierarchy • plan that any page could be the first page for users reaching the site from a search engine • give url on page • use breadcrumb technique, e.g. my studies/IS355/course material • use meaningful URLs and page titles

  25. x y Building flexibility • hierarchies can be very restrictive • direct links can allow user to move around at will - but can be complex

  26. x x y y Building flexibility • hierarchies can be very restrictive • direct links can allow user to move around at will - but can be complex

  27. Building flexibility • often via in-text hyperlinks • users often don’t see them • if they’re important, may be better to group them in indented list, e.g. • The three best team names in the UK: • Heart of Midlothian • Accrington Stanley • Hamilton Academicals

  28. Building flexibility Just make sure their meanings are obvious: The SAC was set up in 1999 by UBSU. We can advise you on topics such as unreturned deposits, properties in need of repair and any situation where you think you are being treated unfairly. The information on these pages is only intended as a guide; if you need further information or advice, please contact us.

  29. Global systems Site wide system, normally with main sections, referenced on every page via a navigation bar with buttons or tabs

  30. Explicit architecture home solutions resources channels Architecture that is made apparent to the user Very common for information retrieval tasks Labels can serve to make architecture explicit But explicitness doesn’t ensure clarity Example:

  31. Headers & footers

  32. Local systems • subsites may need special treatment and may not fit the global navigation pattern • often expected by user, e.g. U of Brighton faculty sitesor course database; product catalogue within large e-commerce site • needs to be integrated into global navigation system, e.g. link to Home, contact, etc should be same.

  33. Integrated navigation elements • Navigation bars • text vs graphical? • button or (expanding) menu? • side vs top vs bottom of screen? • current page? • Frames • real estate • the page model • ever tinier page displays

  34. Supplemental navigation elements • Table of contents • Index • Site Map • Guided tour • Site search

  35. Supplemental Navigation Facilities • Table of Contents/Site Map • Reflects site’s organisation system (mental model). • Gives reassurance of completeness • Site Index • Flattens organisation system (greater granularity). • Supports known-item searching. • Often not directly available - use via search facility

  36. Supplemental Navigation Facilities • Guided Tour • Highlights a few of the site’s resources for a specific audience, topic, or task. • Good for introducing users to especially relevant aspect of the site’s content.

  37. Searching Systems • “Search is one of the most important user interface elements in any large web site...Our usability studies show that more than half of all users are search-dominant.” (Jakob Nielsen) • But don’t take user off site • Think about scoped search

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