DEVELOPMENT OF GIS APPLICATION – INDIA EXPERIENCE

1. DEVELOPMENT OF GIS APPLICATION – INDIA EXPERIENCE C. CHAKRAVORTYOffice of the Registrar General, IndiaNew Delhi UNEGM on Census MappingNew York : 30th May 2007

2. Contents Indian Census – Brief background Rural – Urban frame for census GIS database design Using digital geographic database for dissemination Development of GIS application CensusInfo India Punjab GIS Internet Census GIS India

3. Indian Census – Brief background • First synchronous census held in 1881 • Census 2001 was the 14th in this uninterrupted series • Adopted extended de-facto method (or enumerating persons normally residing in the household during the enumeration period) • Census held in two phases: • House-listing Operations …(April to June 2000) • Population Enumeration …(9th to 28th February 2001)

4. Indian Census – Brief background • Unit of enumeration in Census is the Enumeration Block (EB) allotted to an Enumerator • Curved out on the basis of population size, an EB comprises of about 120 – 150 households or about 500 to 750 persons • 2 million Enumerators were deployed for 2001 Census. Mostly primary school teachers.

5. Preparing Rural – Urban Frame • Before census, a complete list of administrative units (e.g., state, district, sub-district, towns and villages) is finalized to ensure full coverage • To achieve this, instructions are issued before census to ban creation of new administration units • This allows finalizing list of villages and towns and prepare the frame for census.

6. Administrative Hierarchy Country State (35) District (593) Sub-district (5,463) C D Block (6,406) Town (5,161) Village (0.6 million) Ward

7. 2001 Census Coding Scheme • Unique code is allotted to each state, district, sub-district, town, village and EB • State/UT …. 2 digits (within the country) • District …. 2 digits (within the state/UT) • Sub-district …. 4 digits (within the district) • Village …. 8 digits (within the state/UT) • Town …. 8 digits (within the district)

8. Coding Scheme • Permanent Location Code Number (PLCN) assigned to each and every village in the country for the first time in 2001 Census • PLCNs would remain unchanged in future censuses • PLCNs are unique within the state • PLCN would allow easy: • Updating village list • Recasting in case of re-organization • Time series analysis.

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10. GIS Database Design Integration of GIS technology in Census Mapping • GIS introduced in Indian Census in 1992 • Such software, as, ArcInfo, ArcView and ArcGIS have been extensively used • About 60 skilled professionals are engaged in GIS related work in 17 centres located in different parts of the country.

11. GIS Database Design Pre-Census mapping • Maps showing jurisdictional boundaries are updated by incorporating changes before every census and used for pre-census work • This work takes about three years to complete.

12. Updating the maps INDIA (States/UTs) INDIA (Districts) State/UT (Districts) -35 DISTRICT-593 (Sub districts) SUB-DISTRICT-5,463 (Village) TOWNS-5,161 (Wards) WARDS(Charge)

13. India Newly Created States During 1991-2001

14. India New Districts During 1991-2001

15. Tamil Nadu Chennai- New Areas During 1981-91

16. India: Showing States/Union Territories India: Showing Districts India: Showing Sub-Districts States: Showing Sub-Districts District: Showing Sub-Districts Sub-District: Showing Village locations or Village boundaries District: Showing Village locations or Village boundaries GIS Database Design Stored as separate layers

17. Post Census Mapping • After the census various types of thematic maps portraying census and house listing data are prepared at country, state, district, sub-district level • These maps are used in checking the quality of census data before publishing the results by comparing 1991 and 2001 Census data • Extensive use of maps have been made using PowerPoint presentations while sensitizing the data users with the 2001 Census results.

18. Post Census Mapping List of Publications: • Census Atlas - National Volume • Population Atlas - National Volume • Census Atlases of each State and Union Territory • District Census Hand Book maps • Tribal Atlas of India. • Administrative Atlas of India • Administrative Atlases of States and Union territories • Language Atlas of India • Housing Atlas of India • Map Profile 2001 – India, State and Union Territories • Preparation of 593 District maps of the country showing villages

19. Child Sex Ratio in Age Group 0-6 (India by Districts) 2001 1991 The 1991 Census was not held in J & k

20. 1981 2001 1991 Households Using Electricity for Lighting (1981-2001) (India by States)

21. 2001 1991 1981 Female Literacy Rate (1981-2001) (India by Districts)

22. Digital Database for Dissemination • Indian Census has been a major supplier of map products in the country – both in print form and in digital form. • With revision in policy it has now become possible to disseminate digital database • Users could be categorized into three groups: • Users who want to procure geographic database for developing their own applications • Users who would like to use a pre-packaged database product developed by the Census Organisation and • Users who would like to view thematic maps in the form of static pages

23. Digital Database for Dissemination • Census Organisation meets the need of all the three category of users • Digital database are procured by large business houses, software developers for preparing GIS applications for use • Census Organisation releases pre-packaged GIS products on selected census themes, which allow certain degree of interactivity both in CD as well on the Internet • Static thematic maps are also disseminated in print and also made available on the census website.

24. Development of GIS Applications • Before any GIS application is developed, it is important to keep in mind the target users and their need • Too much information should not be packed in one application • Care should be taken to make the application focused and user-friendly • Need for development would usually arise by regular interactions with the data users over a period of time.

25. GIS Applications developed by Census • CensusInfo India (on CD) • Census GIS Punjab (on CD and Internet) • Census GIS India (on Internet)

26. Development of CensusInfo India • First application developed by Census • Based on ChildInfo software developed by UNICEF • CensusInfo India allows generation of maps up to sub-district level • Steps involved include: • Finalizing geographic database • Finalizing attribute database • Integration of the two using GIS software

27. Development of CensusInfo India • CensusInfo allows extraction of data in the form of tables, drawing graphs and charts and generating thematic maps • CensusInfo covered the following subjects: • Demographic • Economic • Education • Housing • Amenities available • Assets available

28. CensusInfo India Home Page

29. Gender Gap in LiteracyIndia by Districts2001 Census Prepared by usingCensusInfo India

30. Households Owning TelevisionNorth EasternIndia by Sub-districts Prepared by usingCensusInfo India

31. Development of Census GIS Punjab • Objective of developing Census GIS Punjab module was to empower District Administration to identify less developed regions to allow directing resources to these areas for development • The module allows generating thematic maps: • At village level • Search based on a simple and even complex query • Presenting resultant outputs in MS Word and MS Excel format.

32. Census GIS India – Punjab Home Page

33. Development of Census GIS Punjab Data Content: • On housing, household amenities and assets up to village level • On population, number of literates and literacy rates, type and category of workers, etc. up to village level • On amenities and infrastructural facilities available in villages

34. Development of Census GIS Punjab Preparation: • Data content finalized as per given format • Geographic digital databases of Punjab by districts, sub-districts and villages given to software developer • Software developer integrated the two and produced the module for dissemination on CD • Selection of suitable software for producing GIS application is difficult.

35. Census GIS Punjab Template

36. Proportion of Agricultural Labourers – Fatehgarh Sahib District : Punjab

37. Low Child Sex Ratio( Less than 750 females per thousand males)in three Punjab Districts Amritsar Kapurthala Firozepur

38. Census GIS India on Internet Features: • Extends the facility of preparing thematic maps on Census subjects on the web • Large variety of data made available • Maps up to Sub-district level • Absolutely free • Output maps generated by the users could be used in reports and presentations.

39. Census GIS India on Internet Data Content: • Population • Houses, household amenities and assets • Religion • Age and marital status • Economic status • Disability • Literacy and education

40. Census GIS on InternetHome Page http://www.censusindiamaps.net

41. Census GIS India on InternetTemplate

42. Poor Literacy Rate (Less than 50%)

43. Demonstration • CensusInfo India • Census GIS Punjab

44. …. Thank you