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Personality (Chapter 17)

Personality (Chapter 17). Second Lecture Outline : Cognitive-behavioral paradigm Traits “Big Five” personality constructs. How would you describe your personality to someone?. Please write down three traits you are high and low on. Cognitive-Behavioral.

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Personality (Chapter 17)

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  1. Personality (Chapter 17) Second Lecture Outline: Cognitive-behavioral paradigm Traits “Big Five” personality constructs

  2. How would you describe your personality to someone? Please write down three traits you are high and low on

  3. Cognitive-Behavioral • Skinner: Personality shaped by reinforcement history • Rotter: Meaning is given to environmental events • Social learning is important to personality • Internal vs. external locus of control • Bandura: Personality X environment • school motivation, parent reinforcement, go to college, achieve in work world

  4. Schemas • Self-schemas: Cognitive frameworks or knowledge about self serve as personality framework: What are you? • Elaborate self-schemas is related to introspectiveness and private self-consciousness • Overly elaborate self-schemas could reflect narcissism or ruminative self-absorbed anxiety

  5. Personal Constructs: Kelly • Persoanality can be viewed in bipolar constructs • On what dimensions do you judge people? • Happy vs. Sad • Socially entertaining vs. “wet blanket” • Trustworthy vs. Liar • People create their own dimensions to view the world: Idiographic methods

  6. Trait theory • Nomothetic methods: Everyone has a set of common traits they can be judged on • Trait: A consistent attribute that characterizes what a person is like • Surface vs. Source traits: 16 PF • Empirical approach of factor analysis: Grouping similar behaviors or surface traits to determine source traits

  7. I am worthless I am sad I feel guilty Ihave trouble sleeping My energy is gone Depression Sex doesn’t matter

  8. A small number of constructs • Eysenck: Three constructs dominate • Extroversion: Social, gregarious • Neuroticism: Moody, irritable • Psychoticism: Uncaring, detached • “Big Five”: • Neuroticism and Extroversion • Openness: Imaginative, curious • Agreeableness: Good-natured, friendly • Conscientiousness: Hard-working, reliable

  9. Hysteria Depression Hypochondriasis Psychopathy Androgeny Paranoia Psychasthenia Schizophrenia Mania Personality profiles 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

  10. Other traits • Sensation-seeking: Thrill seeking, sexually adventuresome, exotic foods, drug/alcohol use, addictive personality • Climb a mountain, eat jalapeno’s, drink vodka, play poker, and have an orgy • Self-esteem: Personal worth is a component of personality • Cognitive style: Can you see multiple perspectives? This helps with coping

  11. Lie scale: Are they paying attention Examples: “I breath every day”. “I have never brushed my teeth”. “Sometimes I have seen a truck” “There is blood flowing ou of my ears” Social desirability: Do they want to be seen favourably Examples: “I read the newspaper editorials every day” “I always give to charities” “I like everyone I know” “I never lie” Validity Scales

  12. Interactionist Approach: Mischel Personal traits Situation Observed Behavior

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