艙口蓋與貨艙 (HATCH COVER & HOLD)

1. 艙口蓋與貨艙 (HATCH COVER & HOLD) JOHNNY WANG

2. 前言 • 各位同仁於日常執行業務時, 舉凡pre-loading survey, pre-entry/condition survey & wet damage to cargo in hold 等等,皆需檢查船舶艙口蓋與貨艙之狀況, 亦即其cargoworthiness 之情況. 就此,敝人將一些微不足道之經驗, 與各位同仁交流, 還望請各位同仁指正. 不勝感激.

3. 內容 • 艙口蓋之種類 • 艙口蓋之主要諸元 • 貨艙之主要諸元 • 艙口蓋水密原理 • 艙口蓋之檢查 • 貨艙及其他之檢查

4. 1.艙口蓋之種類: • SINGLE PULL CHAIN OPERATED HATCH COVER

5. SINGLE PULL WIRE OPERATED HATCH COVER

6. HYDRAULIC HATCH COVER

7. JACK KNIFE HATCH COVER

8. SIDE ROLLING HATCH COVER

9. PONTOON TYPE WATERTIGHT HATCH COVER

10. PONTOON TYPE NON-WATERTIGHT HATCH COVER

11. “ROLLTITE” HATCH COVER

12. 2. 艙口蓋之主要諸元: • HATCH PANEL • HATCH COAMING • HYDRAULIC CYLINDER/RAM & SLOT HINGE • HATCH ROLLER TRACK-WAY • HATCH RUBBER • COMPRESSION BAR • LANDING PAD • QAC (Quick Acting Cleat) • GUTTER WAY/DRAIN CHANNEL • DRAIN HOLE/PIPE

13. HATCH WAY & HATCH PANEL

14. HATCH PANEL (DOUBLE SKIN)

15. HATCH PANEL (BOX/OPEN FRAME CONSTRUCTION)

16. HATCH PANEL (BOX/OPEN FRAME CONSTRUCTION)

17. HATCH COAMING STAYS & HORIZONTAL STIFFERERS

18. HYDRAULIC CYLINDER/RAM & SLOT HINGE

19. HATCH ROLLER TRACK-WAY

20. HATCH RUBBER AT PERIPHERIES OF HATCH PANEL

21. HATCH RUBBER AT JOINT OF HATCH PANELS

22. HATCH PROTRUDING TYPE RUBBER

23. COMPRESSION BAR ON HATCH COAMING TABLE

24. COMPRESSION BAR ON HATCH PANEL

25. QAC (Quick Acting Cleat)

26. GUTTER WAY ON HATCH COAMING TABLE

27. DRAIN CHANNEL ON HATCH PANEL

28. DRAIN HOLE

29. DRAIN VALVE/PIPE

30. DRAIN VALVE/PIPE

31. DRAIN VALVE/PIPE

32. 3. 貨艙之主要諸元: • TANK TOP • BULKHEAD • SHELL PLATING/FRAME • LOWER HOPPER TANK PLATING • TOP SIDE TANK PLATING • ACCESS LADDER • PIPE LINE • BILGE WELL

33. GENERAL VIEW OF CARGO HOLD

34. HATCH COAMING INNER PLATING

35. LOWER HOPPER TANK PLATING

36. TOP SIDE TANK PLATING

37. UNDERSIDE STIFFENER AND TRIPPING BRACKET BELOW CROSS DECK.

38. CARGO HOLD BILGE WELL AND STRAINER

39. 4. 艙口蓋水密原理

40. 於艙蓋閉合時, COMPRESSION BARS 壓迫艙蓋四周與艙蓋接合處之RUBBER GASKET, 並輔以QAC, 保持緊迫狀態, 以達水密, 此乃第一道防線. 萬一不幸滲水, 可經由GUTTER WAY/DRAIN CHANNEL & DRAIN HOLE/PIPE 排出, 此乃第二道防線.

41. 5. 艙口蓋之檢查 • VISUAL INSPECTION HATCH PANEL • 是否嚴重鏽蝕破損 • HATCH COAMING • 是否結構完整, 受損 • HYDRAULIC CYLINDER/SLOT HINGE • 是否漏油

42. HATCH ROLLER TRACK-WAY • 是否筆直 • HATCH RUBBER • 是否硬化破損或永久性凹痕過深 • COMPRESSION BAR • 是否嚴重鏽損或有缺口凹痕 • LANDING PAD • 是否過度耗損

43. QAC • 是否RUBBER WAHER 硬化, STEEL WAHER過度耗損或調整螺絲鏽死, 是否有短缺, • GUTTERWAY/DRAIN CHANNEL • 是否完全清除異物 • DRAIN HOLE • 是否有異物阻塞 • DRAIN VALVE • 是否有異物阻塞或閥內浮球遺失

44. INGRESS LEAK TEST 注意 HATCH COAMING INNER PLATING 是否有先前進水痕跡.

46. WATER-HOSE LEAK DETECTION TEST

47. Hose test is carried out with a powerful jet of water that is directed to the cross joints of a hatch cover set at a pressure of 2-3 kg/cm2. The water should be emanating from a 15-18 m/m diameter nozzle that is held at a distance of 1-1.5 meters from the cross joint whilst walking along the cross joint with a moving speed 0f 2m/sec. The hatch cover perimeter joints should be checked in a similar manner by aiming the nozzle directly at every part of the peripheral packing rubbers. • (HATCH COVER INSPECTIONS BY WALTER VERVLOESEM AMNI)

48. CHALK TEST 將COMPRESSION BARS用粉筆塗抹之後 , 再將艙蓋閉合, 開啟. 然後觀查RUBBER GASKET是否有粉筆印. 如無, 則表示COMPRESSION BARS 無法緊迫RUBBER GASKET , 因而 存有空隙, 有進水之虞.

50. ULTRASONIC LEAK DETECTION TEST